TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLANNING Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction What is ITS? ITS today and tomorrow ITS training and education needs Scope of the book Organization of the book Review questions Reference 2 Fundamentals of traffic flow and control Traffic flow elements Flow-density relationships Fundamental diagram of traffic flow Traffic flow models Greenshields model Alternative traffic flow models Shock waves in traffic streams Shock wave velocity Shock wave analysis example Traffic signalization and control principles Traffic signalization principles Acturated signal control Signal coordination Ramp metering Types of ramp control Ramp metering operational concept Traffic simulation Traffic simulation models Examples of traffic simulation models Basic guidelines for applying simulation models Conclusions Review questions References 3 ITS user services ITS user services ITS user services bundles Travel and traffic management Pretrip travel information En route driver information Traffic control Incident management Travel demand management Emissions testing and mitigation Highway-rail intersection Public transportation operations Public transportation management En rout transit information Personalized public transit Public travel security Electronic payment Commercial vehicles operations Commercial vehicle electronic clearance Automated roadside safety inspection Onboard safety monitoring Commercial vebicle administrative processes Hazardous materials incident response Freight mobility Emergency management Emergency notification and personal security Emergency vehicle management Advanced vehicle control and safety systems Longitudinal collision avoidance Lateral collision avoidance Intersection collision avoidance Vision enhancement for collision avoidance Safety readiness Precrabsh restraint deployment Automated highway system Information management Maintenance and construction management Conclusions Review questions References 4 ITS applications and their benefits Freeway and incident management systems FIMS objectives FIMS functions Traffic surveillance and incident detection Ramp control Incident management Information dissemination Real-world freeway and incident management systems And their traffic Advanced arterial traffic control systems Historical development of computer traffic control Systems Adaptive traffic control algorithms Real-world adaptive traffic control systems and their benefits Advanced public transportation systems AVL systems Transit operations software Transit information systems Electronic fare payment systems Multimodal traveler information systems Conclusions Review questions References 5 ITS architecture Regional and project ITS architecture Why do we need an ITS architecture ? Concept of operations National ITS architecture User services and user service requirements Logical architecture Physical architecture Equipment packages Market packages Proposed procedure for developing a regional ITS architecture Architecture development tool Conclusions Review questions References 6 ITS planning Transportation planning and ITS Planning and the national ITS architecture Planning for ITS Market package-based ITS planning process Traceability-based ITS planning process Case study: northern Virginia ITS planning exercise Using the traceability-based approach Integrating ITS into 6transportation planning Conclusions Review questions References References 7 ITS standards Introduction Standard development process National ITS architecture and standards ITS standards application areas Centerto-center (C2C) applications Center-to-vebicle Roadside-to-vebicle Roadside-to-roadside NTCIP Standards testing Conclusions References 8 ITS evaluation Introduction Project selection at the planning level Benefit-cost analysis Relative rating and ranking Deployment tracking Impact assessment Benefits by ITS components Benefit estimation categories Evaluation guidelines Evaluation guidelines Evaluation support tools ITS deployment analysis system Traffic simulation models Challengers for ITS evaluation Conclusions Review questions References 9 ITS challengers and opportunities Mainstreaming ITS System upgrade System integration Training needs Funding Privacy Rulemaking and compliance Resources sharing ITS and national security Conclusions Review questions References About the authors Index
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLANNING
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
What is ITS?
ITS today and tomorrow
ITS training and education needs
Scope of the book
Organization of the book
Review questions
Reference
2 Fundamentals of traffic flow and control
Traffic flow elements
Flow-density relationships
Fundamental diagram of traffic flow
Traffic flow models
Greenshields model
Alternative traffic flow models
Shock waves in traffic streams
Shock wave velocity
Shock wave analysis example
Traffic signalization and control principles
Traffic signalization principles
Acturated signal control
Signal coordination
Ramp metering
Types of ramp control
Ramp metering operational concept
Traffic simulation
Traffic simulation models
Examples of traffic simulation models
Basic guidelines for applying simulation models
Conclusions
References
3 ITS user services
ITS user services
ITS user services bundles
Travel and traffic management
Pretrip travel information
En route driver information
Traffic control
Incident management
Travel demand management
Emissions testing and mitigation
Highway-rail intersection
Public transportation operations
Public transportation management
En rout transit information
Personalized public transit
Public travel security
Electronic payment
Commercial vehicles operations
Commercial vehicle electronic clearance
Automated roadside safety inspection
Onboard safety monitoring
Commercial vebicle administrative processes
Hazardous materials incident response
Freight mobility
Emergency management
Emergency notification and personal security
Emergency vehicle management
Advanced vehicle control and safety systems
Longitudinal collision avoidance
Lateral collision avoidance
Intersection collision avoidance
Vision enhancement for collision avoidance
Safety readiness
Precrabsh restraint deployment
Automated highway system
Information management
Maintenance and construction management
4 ITS applications and their benefits
Freeway and incident management systems
FIMS objectives
FIMS functions
Traffic surveillance and incident detection
Ramp control
Information dissemination
Real-world freeway and incident management systems
And their traffic
Advanced arterial traffic control systems
Historical development of computer traffic control
Systems
Adaptive traffic control algorithms
Real-world adaptive traffic control systems and their benefits
Advanced public transportation systems
AVL systems
Transit operations software
Transit information systems
Electronic fare payment systems
Multimodal traveler information systems
5 ITS architecture
Regional and project ITS architecture
Why do we need an ITS architecture ?
Concept of operations
National ITS architecture
User services and user service requirements
Logical architecture
Physical architecture
Equipment packages
Market packages
Proposed procedure for developing a regional ITS
architecture
Architecture development tool
6 ITS planning
Transportation planning and ITS
Planning and the national ITS architecture
Planning for ITS
Market package-based ITS planning process
Traceability-based ITS planning process
Case study: northern Virginia ITS planning exercise
Using the traceability-based approach
Integrating ITS into 6transportation planning
7 ITS standards
Introduction
Standard development process
National ITS architecture and standards
ITS standards application areas
Centerto-center (C2C) applications
Center-to-vebicle
Roadside-to-vebicle
Roadside-to-roadside
NTCIP
Standards testing
8 ITS evaluation
Project selection at the planning level
Benefit-cost analysis
Relative rating and ranking
Deployment tracking
Impact assessment
Benefits by ITS components
Benefit estimation categories
Evaluation guidelines
Evaluation support tools
ITS deployment analysis system
Challengers for ITS evaluation
9 ITS challengers and opportunities
Mainstreaming ITS
System upgrade
System integration
Training needs
Funding
Privacy
Rulemaking and compliance
Resources sharing
ITS and national security
About the authors
Index
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