Content Preface Introduction 1 Oracle Architectural Components Objectives 1-2 Overview of Primary Components 1-3 Oracle Server 1-5 Oracle Instance 1-6 Establishing a Connection and Creating a Session 1-7 Oracle Database 1-9 Physical Structure 1-10 Memory Structure 1-11 System Global Area 1-12 Shared Pool 1-15 Library Cache 1-16 Data Dictionary Cache 1-17 Database Buffer Cache 1-18 Redo Log Buffer 1-21 Large Pool 1-22 Java Pool 1-24 Program Global Area 1-25 Process Structure 1-28 User Process 1-29 Server Process 1-30 Background Processes 1-31 Database Writer (DBWn) 1-32 Log Writer (LGWR) 1-33 System Monitor (SMON) 1-34 Process Monitor (PMON) 1-35 Checkpoint (CKPT) 1-36 Archiver (ARCn) 1-37 Logical Structure 1-39 Processing SQL Statements 1-42 Summary 1-44 Practice 1 Overview 1-45 2 Getting Started with the Oracle Server Objectives 2-2 Database Administration Tools 2-3 Oracle Universal Installer 2-4 Starting the Universal Installer 2-5 Non-Interactive Installation Using Response Files 2-6 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 2-9 Database Administrator Users 2-10 SQL*Plus 2-12 Oracle Enterprise Manager 2-13 Contents iii Oracle Enterprise Manager: Architecture 2-14 Console 2-16 Summary 2-18 Practice 2 Overview 2-19 3 Managing an Oracle Instance Objectives 3-2 Initialization Parameter Files 3-3 PFILE initSID.ora 3-6 Creating a PFILE 3-7 PFILE Example 3-8 SPFILE spfileSID.ora 3-9 Creating an SPFILE 3-10 SPFILE Example 3-13 Modifying Parameters in SPFILE 3-14 STARTUP Command Behavior 3-17 Starting Up a Database NOMOUNT 3-19 Starting Up a Database MOUNT 3-20 Starting Up a Database OPEN 3-21 STARTUP Command 3-22 ALTER DATABASE Command 3-25 Opening a Database in Restricted Mode 3-26 Opening a Database in Read-Only Mode 3-29 Shutting Down the Database 3-31 Shutdown Options 3-32 Monitoring an Instance Using Diagnostic Files 3-36 Alert Log File 3-37 Background Trace Files 3-39 User Trace Files 3-40 Enabling or Disabling User Tracing 3-41 Summary 3-43 Practice 3 Overview 3-44 4 Creating a Database Objectives 4-2 Planning and Organizing a Database 4-3 Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) 4-4 Oracle Software and File Locations 4-5 Creation Prerequisites 4-6 Authentication Methods for Database Administrators 4-7 Using Password File Authentication 4-8 iv Creating a Database 4-10 Operating System Environment 4-11 Database Configuration Assistant 4-12 Creating a Database Using Database Configuration Assistant 4-13 Creating a Database Manually 4-16 Creating a Database Using Oracle Managed Files (OMF) 4-19 CREATE DATABASE Command 4-23 Troubleshooting 4-26 After Database Creation 4-27 Summary 4-28 Practice 4 Overview 4-29 5 Using Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views Objectives 5-2 Built-In Database Objects 5-3 Data Dictionary 5-4 Base Tables and Data Dictionary Views 5-5 Creating Data Dictionary Views 5-6 Data Dictionary Contents 5-7 How the Data Dictionary Is Used 5-8 Data Dictionary View Categories 5-9 Data Dictionary Examples 5-11 Dynamic Performance Tables 5-12 Dynamic Performance Examples 5-13 Administrative Script Naming Conventions 5-15 Summary 5-17 Practice 5 Overview 5-18 6 Maintaining the Control File Objectives 6-2 Control File 6-3 Control File Contents 6-5 Multiplexing the Control File 6-7 Multiplexing the Control File When Using SPFILE 6-8 Multiplexing the Control File When Using PFILE 6-9 Managing Control Files with OMF 6-10 Obtaining Control File Information 6-11 Summary 6-14 Practice 6 Overview 6-15 v 7 Maintaining Online Redo Log Files Objectives 7-2 Using Online Redo Log Files 7-3 Structure of Online Redo Log Files 7-4 How Online Redo Log Files Work 7-6 Forcing Log Switches and Checkpoints 7-8 Adding Online Redo Log File Groups 7-9 Adding Online Redo Log File Members 7-10 Dropping Online Redo Log File Groups 7-12 Dropping Online Redo Log File Members 7-13 Relocating or Renaming Online Redo Log Files 7-15 Clearing Online Redo Log Files 7-17 Online Redo Log File Configuration 7-18 Managing Online Redo Log Files with OMF 7-20 Obtaining Group and Member Information 7-21 Archived Redo Log Files 7-23 Summary 7-27 Practice 7 Overview 7-28 8 Managing Tablespaces and Data Files Objectives 8-2 Tablespaces and Data Files 8-3 Types of Tablespaces 8-4 Creating Tablespaces 8-5 Space Management in Tablespaces 8-9 Locally Managed Tablespaces 8-10 Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces 8-12 Migrating a Dictionary-Managed SYSTEM Tablespace 8-13 Undo Tablespace 8-14 Temporary Tablespaces 8-15 Default Temporary Tablespace 8-18 Creating a Default Temporary Tablespace 8-19 Restrictions on Default Temporary Tablespace 8-22 Read-Only Tablespaces 8-23 Taking a Tablespace Offline 8-26 Changing Storage Settings 8-29 Resizing a Tablespace 8-31 Enabling Automatic Extension of Data Files 8-33 Manually Resizing a Data File 8-36 Adding Data Files to a Tablespace 8-37 vi Methods for Moving Data Files 8-39 Dropping Tablespaces 8-42 Managing Tablespaces Using OMF 8-45 Obtaining Tablespace Information 8-47 Summary 8-48 Practice 8 Overview 8-49 9 Storage Structure and Relationships Objectives 9-2 Storage and Relationship Structure 9-3 Types of Segments 9-4 Storage Clause Precedence 9-8 Extent Allocation and Deallocation 9-9 Used and Free Extents 9-10 Database Block 9-11 Multiple Block Size Support 9-12 Standard Block Size 9-13 Nonstandard Block Size 9-15 Creating Nonstandard Block Size Tablespaces 9-17 Multiple Block Sizing Rules 9-19 Database Block Contents 9-20 Block Space Utilization Parameters 9-21 Data Block Management 9-23 Automatic Segment-Space Management 9-24 Configuring Automatic Segment-Space Management 9-26 Manual Data Block Management 9-27 Block Space Usage 9-28 Obtaining Storage Information 9-29 Summary 9-32 Practice 9 Overview 9-33 10 Managing Undo Data Objectives 10-2 Managing Undo Data 10-3 Undo Segment 10-4 Undo Segments: Purpose 10-5 Read Consistency 10-6 Types of Undo Segments 10-7 Automatic Undo Management: Concepts 10-9 vii Automatic Undo Management: Configuration 10-10 Automatic Undo Management: Initialization Parameters 10-11 Automatic Undo Management: UNDO Tablespace 10-12 Automatic Undo Management: Altering an UNDO Tablespace 10-14 Automatic Undo Management: Switching UNDO Tablespaces 10-16 Automatic Undo Management: Dropping an UNDO Tablespace 10-18 Automatic Undo Management: Other Parameters 10-21 Undo Data Statistics 10-23 Automatic Undo Management: Sizing an UNDO Tablespace 10-24 Automatic Undo Management: Undo Quota 10-26 Obtaining Undo Segment Information 10-27 Summary 10-29 Practice 10 Overview 10-30 11 Managing Tables Objectives 11-2 Storing User Data 11-3 Oracle Built-in Data Types 11-6 ROWID Format 11-10 Structure of a Row 11-12 Creating a Table 11-13 Creating a Table: Guidelines 11-17 Creating Temporary Tables 11-18 Setting PCTFREE and PCTUSED 11-19 Row Migration and Chaining 11-20 Changing Storage and Block Utilization Parameters 11-21 Manually Allocating Extents 11-24 Nonpartitioned Table Reorganization 11-25 Truncating a Table 11-26 Dropping a Table 11-27 Dropping a Column 11-29 Renaming a Column 11-31 Using the UNUSED Option 11-33 Obtaining Table Information 11-35 Summary 11-37 Practice 11 Overview 11-38 12 Managing Indexes Objectives 12-2 Classification of Indexes 12-3 B-Tree Index 12-5 viii Bitmap Indexes 12-7 Comparing B-Tree and Bitmap Indexes 12-9 Creating B-Tree Indexes 12-10 Creating Indexes: Guidelines 12-13 Creating Bitmap Indexes 12-15 Changing Storage Parameters for Indexes 12-18 Allocating and Deallocating Index Space 12-20 Rebuilding Indexes 12-21 Rebuilding Indexes Online 12-23 Coalescing Indexes 12-24 Checking Index Validity 12-25 Dropping Indexes 12-27 Identifying Unused Indexes 12-29 Obtaining Index Information 12-30 Summary 12-31 Practice 12 Overview 12-32 13 Maintaining Data Integrity Objectives 13-2 Data Integrity 13-3 Types of Constraints 13-5 Constraint States 13-6 Constraint Checking 13-8 Defining Constraints Immediate or Deferred 13-9 Primary and Unique Key Enforcement 13-10 Foreign Key Considerations 13-11 Defining Constraints While Creating a Table 13-13 Guidelines for Defining Constraints 13-17 Enabling Constraints 13-18 Renaming Constraints 13-23 Using the EXCEPTIONS Table 13-25 Obtaining Constraint Information 13-28 Summary 13-31 Practice 13 Overview 13-32 14 Managing Password Security and Resources Objectives 14-2 Profiles 14-3 Password Management 14-5 Enabling Password Management 14-6 Password Account Locking 14-7 Password Expiration and Aging 14-8 Password History 14-9 ix Password Verification 14-10 User-Provided Password Function 14-11 Password Verification Function VERIFY_FUNCTION 14-12 Creating a Profile: Password Settings 14-13 Altering a Profile: Password Setting 14-17 Dropping a Profile: Password Setting 14-19 Resource Management 14-21 Enabling Resource Limits 14-22 Setting Resource Limits at Session Level 14-23 Setting Resource Limits at Call Level 14-24 Creating a Profile: Resource Limit 14-25 Managing Resources Using the Database Resource Manager 14-28 Resource Plan Directives 14-31 Obtaining Password and Resource Limit Information 14-33 Summary 14-35 Practice 14 Overview 14-36 15 Managing Users Objectives 15-2 Users and Security 15-3 Database Schema 15-5 Checklist for Creating Users 15-6 Creating a New User: Database Authentication 15-7 Creating a New User: Operating System Authentication 15-10 Changing User Quota on Tablespaces 15-12 Dropping a User 15-14 Obtaining User Information 15-16 Summary 15-17 Practice 15 Overview 15-18 16 Managing Privileges Objectives 16-2 Managing Privileges 16-3 System Privileges 16-4 System Privileges: Examples 16-5 Granting System Privileges 16-6 SYSDBA and SYSOPER Privileges 16-9 System Privilege Restrictions 16-10 Revoking System Privileges 16-11 Revoking System Privileges with the ADMIN OPTION 16-13 Object Privileges 16-14 Granting Object Privileges 16-15 Revoking Object Privileges 16-18 Revoking Object Privileges with GRANT OPTION 16-21 x Obtaining Privileges Information 16-22 Summary 16-23 Practice 16 Overview 16-24 17 Managing Roles Objectives 17-2 Roles 17-3 Benefits of Roles 17-4 Creating Roles 17-5 Predefined Roles 17-7 Modifying Roles 17-8 Assigning Roles 17-10 Establishing Default Roles 17-13 Application Roles 17-15 Enabling and Disabling Roles 17-16 Revoking Roles from Users 17-19 Removing Roles 17-21 Guidelines for Creating Roles 17-23 Guidelines for Using Passwords and Default Roles 17-24 Obtaining Role Information 17-25 Summary 17-26 Practice 17 Overview 17-27 18 Auditing Objectives 18-2 Auditing 18-3 Auditing Guidelines 18-4 Auditing Categories 18-6 Database Auditing 18-8 Auditing Options 18-10 Auditing User SYS 18-12 Obtaining Auditing Information 18-13 Obtaining Audit Records Information 18-14 Summary 18-15 Practice 18 Overview 18-16 19 Loading Data into a Database Objectives 19-2 Data Loading Methods 19-3 Direct Load 19-4 Serial Direct Load 19-6 Parallel Direct Load 19-7 SQL*Loader 19-9 Using SQL*Loader 19-11 xi SQL*Loader Control File 19-13 Control File Syntax Considerations 19-17 Input Data and Data Files 19-18 Logical Records 19-22 Loading Methods 19-23 Comparing Direct and Conventional Path Loads 19-26 Parallel Direct Path Load 9-28 Data Conversion 19-29 Discarded or Rejected Records 19-30 Log File Contents 19-34 SQL*Loader Guidelines 19-36 Summary 19-37 Practice 19 Overview 19-38 20 Using Globalization Support Objectives 20-2 Globalization Support Features 20-3 Encoding Schemes 20-5 Database Character Sets and National Character Sets 20-8 Guidelines for Choosing an Oracle Database Character Set 20-9 Guidelines for Choosing an Oracle National Character Set 20-11 Choosing a Unicode Solution:Unicode Database 20-12 Choosing a Unicode Solution:Unicode Data Type 20-13 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior 20-15 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Server 20-16 Dependent Language and Territory Default Values 20-17 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Session 20-19 Linguistic Sorting 20-23 NLS Sorting 20-24 Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 20-27 Linguistic Index Support 20-31 Import and Loading Data Using NLS 20-32 Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 20-33 Obtaining Character Set Information 20-34 Obtaining NLS Settings Information 20-35 Summary 20-39 Practice 20 Overview 20-40 xii Appendix A: How to Create an Oracle9i Database in a UNIX Environment Appendix B: Manually Managing Undo Data (Rollback Segments) Appendix C: Practice Solutions for SQL*Plus Appendix D: Practice Solutions for Oracle Enterprise Manager
Content
Preface
Introduction
1 Oracle Architectural Components
Objectives 1-2
Overview of Primary Components 1-3
Oracle Server 1-5
Oracle Instance 1-6
Establishing a Connection and Creating a Session 1-7
Oracle Database 1-9
Physical Structure 1-10
Memory Structure 1-11
System Global Area 1-12
Shared Pool 1-15
Library Cache 1-16
Data Dictionary Cache 1-17
Database Buffer Cache 1-18
Redo Log Buffer 1-21
Large Pool 1-22
Java Pool 1-24
Program Global Area 1-25
Process Structure 1-28
User Process 1-29
Server Process 1-30
Background Processes 1-31
Database Writer (DBWn) 1-32
Log Writer (LGWR) 1-33
System Monitor (SMON) 1-34
Process Monitor (PMON) 1-35
Checkpoint (CKPT) 1-36
Archiver (ARCn) 1-37
Logical Structure 1-39
Processing SQL Statements 1-42
Summary 1-44
Practice 1 Overview 1-45
2 Getting Started with the Oracle Server
Objectives 2-2
Database Administration Tools 2-3
Oracle Universal Installer 2-4
Starting the Universal Installer 2-5
Non-Interactive Installation Using Response Files 2-6
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 2-9
Database Administrator Users 2-10
SQL*Plus 2-12
Oracle Enterprise Manager 2-13
Contents
iii
Oracle Enterprise Manager: Architecture 2-14
Console 2-16
Summary 2-18
Practice 2 Overview 2-19
3 Managing an Oracle Instance
Objectives 3-2
Initialization Parameter Files 3-3
PFILE initSID.ora 3-6
Creating a PFILE 3-7
PFILE Example 3-8
SPFILE spfileSID.ora 3-9
Creating an SPFILE 3-10
SPFILE Example 3-13
Modifying Parameters in SPFILE 3-14
STARTUP Command Behavior 3-17
Starting Up a Database NOMOUNT 3-19
Starting Up a Database MOUNT 3-20
Starting Up a Database OPEN 3-21
STARTUP Command 3-22
ALTER DATABASE Command 3-25
Opening a Database in Restricted Mode 3-26
Opening a Database in Read-Only Mode 3-29
Shutting Down the Database 3-31
Shutdown Options 3-32
Monitoring an Instance Using Diagnostic Files 3-36
Alert Log File 3-37
Background Trace Files 3-39
User Trace Files 3-40
Enabling or Disabling User Tracing 3-41
Summary 3-43
Practice 3 Overview 3-44
4 Creating a Database
Objectives 4-2
Planning and Organizing a Database 4-3
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) 4-4
Oracle Software and File Locations 4-5
Creation Prerequisites 4-6
Authentication Methods for Database Administrators 4-7
Using Password File Authentication 4-8
iv
Creating a Database 4-10
Operating System Environment 4-11
Database Configuration Assistant 4-12
Creating a Database Using Database Configuration Assistant 4-13
Creating a Database Manually 4-16
Creating a Database Using Oracle Managed Files (OMF) 4-19
CREATE DATABASE Command 4-23
Troubleshooting 4-26
After Database Creation 4-27
Summary 4-28
Practice 4 Overview 4-29
5 Using Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views
Objectives 5-2
Built-In Database Objects 5-3
Data Dictionary 5-4
Base Tables and Data Dictionary Views 5-5
Creating Data Dictionary Views 5-6
Data Dictionary Contents 5-7
How the Data Dictionary Is Used 5-8
Data Dictionary View Categories 5-9
Data Dictionary Examples 5-11
Dynamic Performance Tables 5-12
Dynamic Performance Examples 5-13
Administrative Script Naming Conventions 5-15
Summary 5-17
Practice 5 Overview 5-18
6 Maintaining the Control File
Objectives 6-2
Control File 6-3
Control File Contents 6-5
Multiplexing the Control File 6-7
Multiplexing the Control File When Using SPFILE 6-8
Multiplexing the Control File When Using PFILE 6-9
Managing Control Files with OMF 6-10
Obtaining Control File Information 6-11
Summary 6-14
Practice 6 Overview 6-15
v
7 Maintaining Online Redo Log Files
Objectives 7-2
Using Online Redo Log Files 7-3
Structure of Online Redo Log Files 7-4
How Online Redo Log Files Work 7-6
Forcing Log Switches and Checkpoints 7-8
Adding Online Redo Log File Groups 7-9
Adding Online Redo Log File Members 7-10
Dropping Online Redo Log File Groups 7-12
Dropping Online Redo Log File Members 7-13
Relocating or Renaming Online Redo Log Files 7-15
Clearing Online Redo Log Files 7-17
Online Redo Log File Configuration 7-18
Managing Online Redo Log Files with OMF 7-20
Obtaining Group and Member Information 7-21
Archived Redo Log Files 7-23
Summary 7-27
Practice 7 Overview 7-28
8 Managing Tablespaces and Data Files
Objectives 8-2
Tablespaces and Data Files 8-3
Types of Tablespaces 8-4
Creating Tablespaces 8-5
Space Management in Tablespaces 8-9
Locally Managed Tablespaces 8-10
Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces 8-12
Migrating a Dictionary-Managed SYSTEM Tablespace 8-13
Undo Tablespace 8-14
Temporary Tablespaces 8-15
Default Temporary Tablespace 8-18
Creating a Default Temporary Tablespace 8-19
Restrictions on Default Temporary Tablespace 8-22
Read-Only Tablespaces 8-23
Taking a Tablespace Offline 8-26
Changing Storage Settings 8-29
Resizing a Tablespace 8-31
Enabling Automatic Extension of Data Files 8-33
Manually Resizing a Data File 8-36
Adding Data Files to a Tablespace 8-37
vi
Methods for Moving Data Files 8-39
Dropping Tablespaces 8-42
Managing Tablespaces Using OMF 8-45
Obtaining Tablespace Information 8-47
Summary 8-48
Practice 8 Overview 8-49
9 Storage Structure and Relationships
Objectives 9-2
Storage and Relationship Structure 9-3
Types of Segments 9-4
Storage Clause Precedence 9-8
Extent Allocation and Deallocation 9-9
Used and Free Extents 9-10
Database Block 9-11
Multiple Block Size Support 9-12
Standard Block Size 9-13
Nonstandard Block Size 9-15
Creating Nonstandard Block Size Tablespaces 9-17
Multiple Block Sizing Rules 9-19
Database Block Contents 9-20
Block Space Utilization Parameters 9-21
Data Block Management 9-23
Automatic Segment-Space Management 9-24
Configuring Automatic Segment-Space Management 9-26
Manual Data Block Management 9-27
Block Space Usage 9-28
Obtaining Storage Information 9-29
Summary 9-32
Practice 9 Overview 9-33
10 Managing Undo Data
Objectives 10-2
Managing Undo Data 10-3
Undo Segment 10-4
Undo Segments: Purpose 10-5
Read Consistency 10-6
Types of Undo Segments 10-7
Automatic Undo Management: Concepts 10-9
vii
Automatic Undo Management: Configuration 10-10
Automatic Undo Management: Initialization Parameters 10-11
Automatic Undo Management: UNDO Tablespace 10-12
Automatic Undo Management: Altering an UNDO Tablespace 10-14
Automatic Undo Management: Switching UNDO Tablespaces 10-16
Automatic Undo Management: Dropping an UNDO Tablespace 10-18
Automatic Undo Management: Other Parameters 10-21
Undo Data Statistics 10-23
Automatic Undo Management: Sizing an UNDO Tablespace 10-24
Automatic Undo Management: Undo Quota 10-26
Obtaining Undo Segment Information 10-27
Summary 10-29
Practice 10 Overview 10-30
11 Managing Tables
Objectives 11-2
Storing User Data 11-3
Oracle Built-in Data Types 11-6
ROWID Format 11-10
Structure of a Row 11-12
Creating a Table 11-13
Creating a Table: Guidelines 11-17
Creating Temporary Tables 11-18
Setting PCTFREE and PCTUSED 11-19
Row Migration and Chaining 11-20
Changing Storage and Block Utilization Parameters 11-21
Manually Allocating Extents 11-24
Nonpartitioned Table Reorganization 11-25
Truncating a Table 11-26
Dropping a Table 11-27
Dropping a Column 11-29
Renaming a Column 11-31
Using the UNUSED Option 11-33
Obtaining Table Information 11-35
Summary 11-37
Practice 11 Overview 11-38
12 Managing Indexes
Objectives 12-2
Classification of Indexes 12-3
B-Tree Index 12-5
viii
Bitmap Indexes 12-7
Comparing B-Tree and Bitmap Indexes 12-9
Creating B-Tree Indexes 12-10
Creating Indexes: Guidelines 12-13
Creating Bitmap Indexes 12-15
Changing Storage Parameters for Indexes 12-18
Allocating and Deallocating Index Space 12-20
Rebuilding Indexes 12-21
Rebuilding Indexes Online 12-23
Coalescing Indexes 12-24
Checking Index Validity 12-25
Dropping Indexes 12-27
Identifying Unused Indexes 12-29
Obtaining Index Information 12-30
Summary 12-31
Practice 12 Overview 12-32
13 Maintaining Data Integrity
Objectives 13-2
Data Integrity 13-3
Types of Constraints 13-5
Constraint States 13-6
Constraint Checking 13-8
Defining Constraints Immediate or Deferred 13-9
Primary and Unique Key Enforcement 13-10
Foreign Key Considerations 13-11
Defining Constraints While Creating a Table 13-13
Guidelines for Defining Constraints 13-17
Enabling Constraints 13-18
Renaming Constraints 13-23
Using the EXCEPTIONS Table 13-25
Obtaining Constraint Information 13-28
Summary 13-31
Practice 13 Overview 13-32
14 Managing Password Security and Resources
Objectives 14-2
Profiles 14-3
Password Management 14-5
Enabling Password Management 14-6
Password Account Locking 14-7
Password Expiration and Aging 14-8
Password History 14-9
ix
Password Verification 14-10
User-Provided Password Function 14-11
Password Verification Function VERIFY_FUNCTION 14-12
Creating a Profile: Password Settings 14-13
Altering a Profile: Password Setting 14-17
Dropping a Profile: Password Setting 14-19
Resource Management 14-21
Enabling Resource Limits 14-22
Setting Resource Limits at Session Level 14-23
Setting Resource Limits at Call Level 14-24
Creating a Profile: Resource Limit 14-25
Managing Resources Using the Database Resource Manager 14-28
Resource Plan Directives 14-31
Obtaining Password and Resource Limit Information 14-33
Summary 14-35
Practice 14 Overview 14-36
15 Managing Users
Objectives 15-2
Users and Security 15-3
Database Schema 15-5
Checklist for Creating Users 15-6
Creating a New User: Database Authentication 15-7
Creating a New User: Operating System Authentication 15-10
Changing User Quota on Tablespaces 15-12
Dropping a User 15-14
Obtaining User Information 15-16
Summary 15-17
Practice 15 Overview 15-18
16 Managing Privileges
Objectives 16-2
Managing Privileges 16-3
System Privileges 16-4
System Privileges: Examples 16-5
Granting System Privileges 16-6
SYSDBA and SYSOPER Privileges 16-9
System Privilege Restrictions 16-10
Revoking System Privileges 16-11
Revoking System Privileges with the ADMIN OPTION 16-13
Object Privileges 16-14
Granting Object Privileges 16-15
Revoking Object Privileges 16-18
Revoking Object Privileges with GRANT OPTION 16-21
x
Obtaining Privileges Information 16-22
Summary 16-23
Practice 16 Overview 16-24
17 Managing Roles
Objectives 17-2
Roles 17-3
Benefits of Roles 17-4
Creating Roles 17-5
Predefined Roles 17-7
Modifying Roles 17-8
Assigning Roles 17-10
Establishing Default Roles 17-13
Application Roles 17-15
Enabling and Disabling Roles 17-16
Revoking Roles from Users 17-19
Removing Roles 17-21
Guidelines for Creating Roles 17-23
Guidelines for Using Passwords and Default Roles 17-24
Obtaining Role Information 17-25
Summary 17-26
Practice 17 Overview 17-27
18 Auditing
Objectives 18-2
Auditing 18-3
Auditing Guidelines 18-4
Auditing Categories 18-6
Database Auditing 18-8
Auditing Options 18-10
Auditing User SYS 18-12
Obtaining Auditing Information 18-13
Obtaining Audit Records Information 18-14
Summary 18-15
Practice 18 Overview 18-16
19 Loading Data into a Database
Objectives 19-2
Data Loading Methods 19-3
Direct Load 19-4
Serial Direct Load 19-6
Parallel Direct Load 19-7
SQL*Loader 19-9
Using SQL*Loader 19-11
xi
SQL*Loader Control File 19-13
Control File Syntax Considerations 19-17
Input Data and Data Files 19-18
Logical Records 19-22
Loading Methods 19-23
Comparing Direct and Conventional Path Loads 19-26
Parallel Direct Path Load 9-28
Data Conversion 19-29
Discarded or Rejected Records 19-30
Log File Contents 19-34
SQL*Loader Guidelines 19-36
Summary 19-37
Practice 19 Overview 19-38
20 Using Globalization Support
Objectives 20-2
Globalization Support Features 20-3
Encoding Schemes 20-5
Database Character Sets and National Character Sets 20-8
Guidelines for Choosing an Oracle Database Character Set 20-9
Guidelines for Choosing an Oracle National Character Set 20-11
Choosing a Unicode Solution:Unicode Database 20-12
Choosing a Unicode Solution:Unicode Data Type 20-13
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior 20-15
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Server 20-16
Dependent Language and Territory Default Values 20-17
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Session 20-19
Linguistic Sorting 20-23
NLS Sorting 20-24
Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 20-27
Linguistic Index Support 20-31
Import and Loading Data Using NLS 20-32
Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 20-33
Obtaining Character Set Information 20-34
Obtaining NLS Settings Information 20-35
Summary 20-39
Practice 20 Overview 20-40
xii
Appendix A: How to Create an Oracle9i Database in a UNIX Environment
Appendix B: Manually Managing Undo Data (Rollback Segments)
Appendix C: Practice Solutions for SQL*Plus
Appendix D: Practice Solutions for Oracle Enterprise Manager
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