ENGG. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY Contents Chapter-1 vector analysis Introduction Scalars and vectors Scalar field Vector field Representation of a vector Unit vector Vector algebra Scaling of vector Addition of vectors Subtraction of vectors Identical vectors The coordinate systems Cartesian coordinate system Cartesian coordinate system Representing a point in rectangular coordinate system Base vectors Position and distance vectors Differential elements in Cartesian coordinate system Cylindrical coordinate system Base vectors Differential elements in cylindrical coordinate system Relationship between Cartesian and cylindrical systems Spherical coordinate system Base vectors Differential elements in spherical coordinate system Relationship between Cartesian and spherical systems Vector multiplication Scalar or dot product of vectors Properties of dot product Applications of dot product Vector or cross product of vectors Properties of cross product Applications of cross product Products of three vectors Scalar triple product Characteristics of scalar triple product Vector triple product Characteristics of vector triple product Transformation of vectors Transformation of vectors from Cartesian to cylindrical Transformation of vectors from cylindrical to Cartesian Transformation of vectors from Cartesian to spherical Transformation of vectors from spherical to Cartesian Distances in all coordinate systems Types of integral related to electromagnetic theory Line integral Surface integral Volume integral Divergence Divergence theorem Gradient of a scalar Properties of gradient of a scalar Curl of a vector Stoke’s theorem Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-2 Electric field intensity Introduction Coulomb’s law Statement of coulomb’s law Constant of proportionality Vector form of coulomb’s law Principle of superposition Steps to solve problems on coulomb’s law Electric field intensity Units of E Method of obtaining E in Cartesian system Electric field due to discrete charges Important observations Types of charge distributions Point charge Line charge Method of finding Q from p Surface charge Method of finding Q from p Volume charge Method of finding Q from p Electric field intensity due to various charge distributions E due to line charge E due to surface charge E due to volume charge Electric field due to infinite line charge Electric field due to charged circular ring Electric field due to infinite sheet of charge Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-3 Electric flux density and gauss’s law Introduction Electric flux Properties of flux lines Electric flux density Vector form of electric flux density D due to a point charge Q Relationship between D and E Electric flux density for various charge distributions Line charge Surface charge Volume charge Gauss’s law Mathematical representation of gauss’s law Special Gaussian surfaces Applications of gauss’s law Point charge Use of gauss’s law to obtain D and E Infinite line charge Coaxial cable Infinite sheet of charge Spherical shell of charge Variation of E against r Uniformly charged sphere Variation of E against r Gauss’s law applied to differential volume element Divergence Physical meaning of divergence The vector operator Divergence in different coordinate systems Properties of divergence of vector field Maxwell’s first equation Divergence theorem Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-4 Energy and potential Introduction Work done The line integral Important comments about work done Potential difference Unit of potential difference Potential due to point charge Concept of absolute potential Potential due to pint charge not at origin Potential due to several point charges Potential calculation when references is other than infinity Potential due to a line charge Potential due to surface charge Potential due to volume charge Potential difference due to infinite line charge Equipotential surfaces Conservative field Potential gradient Relation between E and V The vector operator Properties of gradient of a scalar Energy density in the electrostatic fields Energy stored interms of D and E An electric dipole Expression of E due to an electric dipole Dipole moment Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-5 Conductors, dielectrics and capacitance Introduction Current and current density Relation between I and J Relation between J and P Continuity equation Steady current Conductors Point form of ohm’s law Resistance of a conductor Properties of conductor Relaxation time Dielectric materials Polarization Mathematical expression for polarization Properties of dielectric materials Boundary conditions Boundary conditions between conductor and free space E at the boundary Dn at the boundary Boundary conditions between conductor dielectric Boundary conditions between two perfect dielectrics Reflection of D at the boundary Concept of capacitance Capacitors in series Capacitors in parallel Parallel plate capacitor Capacitance of a co-axial cable Spherical capacitor Capacitance of single isolated sphere Isolated sphere coated with dielectric Composite parallel plate capacitor Dielectric boundary normal to the plates Energy stored in a capacitor Energy density Method of images The image theory Method of images The image theory Method of images for point charges Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-6 poisson’s and Laplace’s equation Introduction Poisson’s and laplace’s equations Operation in different co-ordinate systems Uniqueness theorem Procedure for solving laplace’s equation Calculating capacitance using laplace’s equation Examples with solutions Review questions Chpater-7 magnetostatics Introduction Magnetic field and its properties Magnetic field due to current carrying conductor Magnetic field intensity Magnetic flux density Relation between B and H Biot-savart law Biot-savart law interms of distributed sources H due to infinitely long straight conductor H due to straight conductor of finite length Sign convention for H at the center of a circular conductor H on the axis of a circular loop Ampere’s circuital law Proof of ampere’s circuital law Steps to apply ampere’s circuital law Applications of ampere’s circuital law H due to infinitely long straight conductor H due to a co-axial cable H due infinite sheet of current Curl Curl in various co-ordinate systems Properties of curt Physical significance of a curl Stoke’s theorem Proof of stoke’s theorem Magnetic flux and flux density Maxwell’s equations for static electromagnetic fields Application of flux density and flux to co-axial cable Magnetic scalar and vector potentials Scalar magnetic potential Laplace’s equation for scalar magnetic potential Vector magnetic potential Poisson’s equation for magnetic field A due to differential current element Examples with solutions Review questions University questions Chapter-8 Magnetic forces, materials and inductance Introduction Force on a moving point charge Force on a differential current element Force between differential current elements Magnetic torque and magnetic dipole moment Magnetic moment of a planar coil Magnetic dipole moment Nature of magnetic materials Origin of magnetic dipole moment in the material Classification of magnetic materials Magnetization and permeability Magnetic boundary conditions Boundary conditions for normal components Boundary conditions for tangential component Magnetic circuits Inductance and mutual inductance Inductance of a solenoid Inductance of a toroid Inductance of a co-axial cable Mutual inductance Magnetic energy Forces on magnetic materials Examples with solutions Important results Review questions University questions Chapter-9 Time varying fields and Maxwell’s equations Introduction Faraday’s law Displacement current General field relations for time varying electric and magnetic fields Maxwell’s equations for good conductor Maxwell’s equations for harmonically varying fields Boundary conditions for time varying fields Retarded potentials Phasor representation of a vector Poynting vector and pointing theorem Average power density Integral and point forms of pointing theorem Examples with solutions Important results Review questions University questions Chapter-10 uniform plane waves Introduction Uniform plane wave in free space Wave equations in phasor form Uniform plane wave in perfect dielectric Uniform plane waves in lossy dielectric Uniform plane wave in practical dielectric Uniform plane waves in good conductor Reflection of uniform plane waves Normal incidence at plane dielectric boundary Normal incidence at plane conducting boundary Standing wave ratio Oblique incidence Direction cosines Oblique incidence at a plane conducting boundary Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization Oblique incidence at a plane dielectric boundary Total reflection Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization Polarization of uniform plane waves Linear polarization Elliptical polarization Circular polarization Conditions for the polarization of a sinusoidal wave Examples with solutions Important results Review questions University questions Chapter-11 transmission lines Introduction Types of transmissions lines Transmission line parameters The infinite line Important properties of the infinite line Short line Determination of Z for finite line terminated in Z Currents and voltages along an infinite line Attenuation and phase constant Propagation constant interms of Z and Z T section equivalent interms of Z and y Section equivalent interms of Z and Y Wavelength and velocity Relationship between primary and secondary constants Determination of Z interms of primary constants Determination of Y interms of primary constants Practical formulae for underground cables General solution of a transmission line Physical significance of general solution Application of general solution to the particular cases Finite line terminated in Z Finite line open circuited at distant End Finite line short circuited at distant End Determination of b and primary constants Input and transfer impedance Conditions for minimum attenuation Variable L Variable C R and G for minimum attenuation Waveform distortion Distortion due to Z varying with frequency Frequency distortion Phase distortion Dissipation less line Telephone cable Loading of lines Continuous loading Advantages Disadvantages Lumped loading Campbell’s equation Advantages Disadvantages Practical formulae for Z and y for loaded underground cable Reflection phenomenon Disadvantages of reflection Reflection coefficient Input impedance interms of Z and K Reflection loss and reflection factor Return loss Insertion loss Expression for insertion loss The line at radio frequencies Parameters of the line at high frequency Parameters of the coaxial line at high frequencies Line constants for zero dissipation line Voltages and currents on dissipation less line Standing waves Standing wave ratio Relation between standing wave ratio and magnitude of reflection coefficient Relation between standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient Input impedance of the dissipation less line Input impedance of open and short circuited lines Input impedance of short circuited line Input impedance of open circuited line Reflection losses on the unmatched line The Eighth-wave line The Quarter-wave line The half-wave line Single stub matching on a line Smith chart Applications of the smith chart Measurement of input impedance Measurement of SWR Measurement of reflection coefficient Location of voltage maximum and voltage minimum Double stub impedance matching on a line Voltage and current on the line of small dissipation Open and short circuit impedances of the line with small dissipation Quarter wave line and half wave line of small dissipation Tapped quarter wave line-impedance transformer Examples with solutions Important results Review questions University questions Chapter-12 Guided waves Introduction Waves between parallel planes Transverse electric wave or H wave Transverse magnetic wave or E wave Characteristics of TE and TM waves Transverse electromagnetic waves Properties of TEM waves Velocities of propagation Attenuation in parallel plane guides Wave impedances Electric field and current flow within the conductor Important results Review questions
ENGG. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY
Contents
Chapter-1 vector analysis
Introduction
Scalars and vectors
Scalar field
Vector field
Representation of a vector
Unit vector
Vector algebra
Scaling of vector
Addition of vectors
Subtraction of vectors
Identical vectors
The coordinate systems
Cartesian coordinate system
Representing a point in rectangular coordinate system
Base vectors
Position and distance vectors
Differential elements in Cartesian coordinate system
Cylindrical coordinate system
Differential elements in cylindrical coordinate system
Relationship between Cartesian and cylindrical systems
Spherical coordinate system
Differential elements in spherical coordinate system
Relationship between Cartesian and spherical systems
Vector multiplication
Scalar or dot product of vectors
Properties of dot product
Applications of dot product
Vector or cross product of vectors
Properties of cross product
Applications of cross product
Products of three vectors
Scalar triple product
Characteristics of scalar triple product
Vector triple product
Characteristics of vector triple product
Transformation of vectors
Transformation of vectors from Cartesian to cylindrical
Transformation of vectors from cylindrical to Cartesian
Transformation of vectors from Cartesian to spherical
Transformation of vectors from spherical to Cartesian
Distances in all coordinate systems
Types of integral related to electromagnetic theory
Line integral
Surface integral
Volume integral
Divergence
Divergence theorem
Gradient of a scalar
Properties of gradient of a scalar
Curl of a vector
Stoke’s theorem
Examples with solutions
Review questions
University questions
Chapter-2 Electric field intensity
Coulomb’s law
Statement of coulomb’s law
Constant of proportionality
Vector form of coulomb’s law
Principle of superposition
Steps to solve problems on coulomb’s law
Electric field intensity
Units of E
Method of obtaining E in Cartesian system
Electric field due to discrete charges
Important observations
Types of charge distributions
Point charge
Line charge
Method of finding Q from p
Surface charge
Volume charge
Electric field intensity due to various charge distributions
E due to line charge
E due to surface charge
E due to volume charge
Electric field due to infinite line charge
Electric field due to charged circular ring
Electric field due to infinite sheet of charge
Chapter-3 Electric flux density and gauss’s law
Electric flux
Properties of flux lines
Electric flux density
Vector form of electric flux density
D due to a point charge Q
Relationship between D and E
Electric flux density for various charge distributions
Gauss’s law
Mathematical representation of gauss’s law
Special Gaussian surfaces
Applications of gauss’s law
Use of gauss’s law to obtain D and E
Infinite line charge
Coaxial cable
Infinite sheet of charge
Spherical shell of charge
Variation of E against r
Uniformly charged sphere
Gauss’s law applied to differential volume element
Physical meaning of divergence
The vector operator
Divergence in different coordinate systems
Properties of divergence of vector field
Maxwell’s first equation
Chapter-4 Energy and potential
Work done
The line integral
Important comments about work done
Potential difference
Unit of potential difference
Potential due to point charge
Concept of absolute potential
Potential due to pint charge not at origin
Potential due to several point charges
Potential calculation when references is other than infinity
Potential due to a line charge
Potential due to surface charge
Potential due to volume charge
Potential difference due to infinite line charge
Equipotential surfaces
Conservative field
Potential gradient
Relation between E and V
Energy density in the electrostatic fields
Energy stored interms of D and E
An electric dipole
Expression of E due to an electric dipole
Dipole moment
Chapter-5 Conductors, dielectrics and capacitance
Current and current density
Relation between I and J
Relation between J and P
Continuity equation
Steady current
Conductors
Point form of ohm’s law
Resistance of a conductor
Properties of conductor
Relaxation time
Dielectric materials
Polarization
Mathematical expression for polarization
Properties of dielectric materials
Boundary conditions
Boundary conditions between conductor and free space
E at the boundary
Dn at the boundary
Boundary conditions between conductor dielectric
Boundary conditions between two perfect dielectrics
Reflection of D at the boundary
Concept of capacitance
Capacitors in series
Capacitors in parallel
Parallel plate capacitor
Capacitance of a co-axial cable
Spherical capacitor
Capacitance of single isolated sphere
Isolated sphere coated with dielectric
Composite parallel plate capacitor
Dielectric boundary normal to the plates
Energy stored in a capacitor
Energy density
Method of images
The image theory
Method of images for point charges
Chapter-6 poisson’s and Laplace’s equation
Poisson’s and laplace’s equations
Operation in different co-ordinate systems
Uniqueness theorem
Procedure for solving laplace’s equation
Calculating capacitance using laplace’s equation
Chpater-7 magnetostatics
Magnetic field and its properties
Magnetic field due to current carrying conductor
Magnetic field intensity
Magnetic flux density
Relation between B and H
Biot-savart law
Biot-savart law interms of distributed sources
H due to infinitely long straight conductor
H due to straight conductor of finite length
Sign convention for
H at the center of a circular conductor
H on the axis of a circular loop
Ampere’s circuital law
Proof of ampere’s circuital law
Steps to apply ampere’s circuital law
Applications of ampere’s circuital law
H due to a co-axial cable
H due infinite sheet of current
Curl
Curl in various co-ordinate systems
Properties of curt
Physical significance of a curl
Proof of stoke’s theorem
Magnetic flux and flux density
Maxwell’s equations for static electromagnetic fields
Application of flux density and flux to co-axial cable
Magnetic scalar and vector potentials
Scalar magnetic potential
Laplace’s equation for scalar magnetic potential
Vector magnetic potential
Poisson’s equation for magnetic field
A due to differential current element
Chapter-8 Magnetic forces, materials and inductance
Force on a moving point charge
Force on a differential current element
Force between differential current elements
Magnetic torque and magnetic dipole moment
Magnetic moment of a planar coil
Magnetic dipole moment
Nature of magnetic materials
Origin of magnetic dipole moment in the material
Classification of magnetic materials
Magnetization and permeability
Magnetic boundary conditions
Boundary conditions for normal components
Boundary conditions for tangential component
Magnetic circuits
Inductance and mutual inductance
Inductance of a solenoid
Inductance of a toroid
Inductance of a co-axial cable
Mutual inductance
Magnetic energy
Forces on magnetic materials
Important results
Chapter-9 Time varying fields and Maxwell’s equations
Faraday’s law
Displacement current
General field relations for time varying electric and magnetic fields
Maxwell’s equations for good conductor
Maxwell’s equations for harmonically varying fields
Boundary conditions for time varying fields
Retarded potentials
Phasor representation of a vector
Poynting vector and pointing theorem
Average power density
Integral and point forms of pointing theorem
Chapter-10 uniform plane waves
Uniform plane wave in free space
Wave equations in phasor form
Uniform plane wave in perfect dielectric
Uniform plane waves in lossy dielectric
Uniform plane wave in practical dielectric
Uniform plane waves in good conductor
Reflection of uniform plane waves
Normal incidence at plane dielectric boundary
Normal incidence at plane conducting boundary
Standing wave ratio
Oblique incidence
Direction cosines
Oblique incidence at a plane conducting boundary
Horizontal polarization
Vertical polarization
Oblique incidence at a plane dielectric boundary
Total reflection
Polarization of uniform plane waves
Linear polarization
Elliptical polarization
Circular polarization
Conditions for the polarization of a sinusoidal wave
Chapter-11 transmission lines
Types of transmissions lines
Transmission line parameters
The infinite line
Important properties of the infinite line
Short line
Determination of Z for finite line terminated in Z
Currents and voltages along an infinite line
Attenuation and phase constant
Propagation constant interms of Z and Z
T section equivalent interms of Z and y
Section equivalent interms of Z and Y
Wavelength and velocity
Relationship between primary and secondary constants
Determination of Z interms of primary constants
Determination of Y interms of primary constants
Practical formulae for underground cables
General solution of a transmission line
Physical significance of general solution
Application of general solution to the particular cases
Finite line terminated in Z
Finite line open circuited at distant End
Finite line short circuited at distant End
Determination of b and primary constants
Input and transfer impedance
Conditions for minimum attenuation
Variable L
Variable C
R and G for minimum attenuation
Waveform distortion
Distortion due to Z varying with frequency
Frequency distortion
Phase distortion
Dissipation less line
Telephone cable
Loading of lines
Continuous loading
Advantages
Disadvantages
Lumped loading
Campbell’s equation
Practical formulae for Z and y for loaded underground cable
Reflection phenomenon
Disadvantages of reflection
Reflection coefficient
Input impedance interms of Z and K
Reflection loss and reflection factor
Return loss
Insertion loss
Expression for insertion loss
The line at radio frequencies
Parameters of the line at high frequency
Parameters of the coaxial line at high frequencies
Line constants for zero dissipation line
Voltages and currents on dissipation less line
Standing waves
Relation between standing wave ratio and magnitude of reflection coefficient
Relation between standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient
Input impedance of the dissipation less line
Input impedance of open and short circuited lines
Input impedance of short circuited line
Input impedance of open circuited line
Reflection losses on the unmatched line
The Eighth-wave line
The Quarter-wave line
The half-wave line
Single stub matching on a line
Smith chart
Applications of the smith chart
Measurement of input impedance
Measurement of SWR
Measurement of reflection coefficient
Location of voltage maximum and voltage minimum
Double stub impedance matching on a line
Voltage and current on the line of small dissipation
Open and short circuit impedances of the line with small dissipation
Quarter wave line and half wave line of small dissipation
Tapped quarter wave line-impedance transformer
Chapter-12 Guided waves
Waves between parallel planes
Transverse electric wave or H wave
Transverse magnetic wave or E wave
Characteristics of TE and TM waves
Transverse electromagnetic waves
Properties of TEM waves
Velocities of propagation
Attenuation in parallel plane guides
Wave impedances
Electric field and current flow within the conductor
Leave us your details we will revert you as soon as possible.
Copyright © 2014 - All Rights Reserved - nimtweb.org Google
Powered by Nasbar Infotech