General Textile Processes


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GENERAL TEXTILE PROCESSES

Part -1 General aspects of dyeing

Fundamental principles of dyeing

M.clark,university of Leeds ,UK

Introduction

Principles of dyeing

Exhaust dyeing

Continuous dyeing

Printing

Classification systems for dyes

Classification of dyes by dye class

Conclusion

References

 

2 Structure and properties of textile materials

S. Grishanov ,De Montfort university,UK

Introduction

Classification and properties of textile fibers

Fiber properties related 0f textile fibers

Fibre properties related to textile technology

Classification and properties of basic textile products

Physical chemistry of fibre polymers

Cellulosic fibres

Man-made fibres

Sources of further information and advice

References

 

3 Pre-treatment and preparation of textile

Materials prior to dyeing

A.K.Roy choudhury government college of engineering and textile technology, serampore ,India

Introduction

Impurities in textile fibres

Aims of preparatory processes

Preparation of cotton materials

Inspection and mending

Shearing and cropping

Singeing

Enzymatic processing

Desizing process

Scouring of cotton and other cellulosic fibres

Mercerization

Preparation of proteineous materials

Carbonization and scouring of wool

Shrink-resist treatment for wool

Degumming of silk

Preparation of synthetic materials

Bleaching

Improvement of whiteness

References

 

4 Chemistry of dyeing

D.P chattopadhyay the maharaja sayajirao

University of baroda,India

Fundamental principles of direct dyeing

Fundamental principles of reactive dyeing

Fundamental principles of acid dyeing

Fundamental principles of vat dyeing

Fundamental principles of sulphur dyeing

Conclusions

References

 

5 thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing and dyebath

Monitoring systems

M.ferus-comelo smart lab ltd UK

Introduction

Thermodynamics of dyeing

Kinetics of dyeing

Dye bath monitoring systems

Sources of further information

References

Appendix: mathematical symbols

 

6 An overview of dye fastness testing

J.N. Chakra borty, national institute of technology

Jalandhar India

 

Introduction

Overview of dye fastness testing

Grading of fastness properties

Factors influencing dye fastness

Application

Conclusions

Sources of further information and advice

References

7 )Molecular modeling and predicting dye properties

A.      El-shafel D hinks and H.S freeman north Carolina

State university USA

Introduction

Prediction of wavelength of maximum absorption

Effect of crystal packing on

Ab initio calculations of crystal structures

Quantitative-structure activity relationship in dye-fiber

Affinity prediction

References

 

 

8) Methods and machinery for the dyeing process

G.P.Nair, technical advisor technocrat society, India

Introduction

Jiggers

Beam dyeing machines

Contents

Winches

Jet dyeing machines with hydraulic flow system

Airflow dyeing machines with aerodynamic flow system

Atmospheric soft flow/overflow dyeing machines

HT soft flow/overflow dyeing machines

Machines to dye fabric in rope/open-width form

Semi-continuous and continuous open-width dyeing machines

Future trends

References

Appendix: list of machinery manufacturers

 

 

Part-II Dye types and processes

The chemistry of reactive dyes and their application

Processes

D.M. LEWIS, university of Leeds, UK

Introduction

The history of reactive dye development

Chemistry of commercially available reactive dyes

The application of reactive dyes to cellulosic fibres

The application of reactive dyes to natural and synthetic

Polyamide fibres

Miscellaneous methods to covalently bond dyes to fibres

Conclusions

References

 

 

10) Disperse dyes

M.L.GULRAJANI, Indian institute of technology,

Delhi, India

Introduction

Developments in disperse dyes

Types of disperse dye

Properties of disperse dyes

Future trends

References

 

 

11) Natural dyes

B.H.PATEL, the maharaja sayajirao university of baroda ,India

Introduction

Classification of natural dyes

Chemistry of natural dyes

Chemistry and types of mordants  

Application of mordants to textiles

Application of natural dyes to textiles

Fastness properties of dyes

Future trends

Sources of further information and advice

References

12) Direct dyes

N. SEKAR, Institute of chemical technology Mumbai, India

 Introduction

Classification of direct dyes according to dying characteristics

Classification based on chemical structure

Bisazine dyes and copper phthalocyanine dyes

Future trends

Sources of further information and advice

References

 

13 ) Metal-complex dyes

J.N chakra borty, national institute of technology

Jalandhar India

 

Introduction

General properties

Chemistry of dyes

Classification and nomenclature

Mordant dyes

Premetallised dyes

 Fastness of dyed fabrics

The problem of waste water

Future trends

Sources of further information and advice

References

 

 

14) Sulphur dyes

J.N chakra borty, national institute of technology

Jalandhar India 

 

Introduction

Properties of sulphur dyes

Chemistry of sulphur dyes

Synthesis

Classification of sulphur dyes

Practical application

Reducing systems

Oxidizing agents

Bronzing of dyeing

Fastness of dyed textiles

Tendering effect on cellulose

Waste-water load from sulphur dyebath

Strengths and limitations

Stripping of sulphur dyes

Future trends

Sources of further information and advice

References

 

 

15) Acid dyes

N.SEKAR,Institute of chemical technology Mumbai, India

Introduction

Classification of acid dyes

Azo acid dyes

Anthraquinone dyes

Acid nitro dyes

Triphenylmethane acid dyes

Water-repellent dyes

Acid dyes with inherent light fastness

Acid dyes free from 1-naphtylamine

Future trends

Sources of further information and advice

References

 

16 Environmentally friendly dyes

R.B CHAVAN,bahir dar university ,Ethiopia

Introduction

Classification of dyes

Environmental issues in dyeing

Environmentally friendly dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes

Alternative reducing systems for the dyeing of cotton

With vat and sulphur dyes

Environmentally friendly dyeing of wool

Environmentally friendly dyeing of polyester

Further trends

References

 

 

17) Fluorescent dyes

R.M. CHRISTIE, heriot-watt university, UK

Introduction

Fluorescence

Chemical types of fluorescent dye

Textile applications of fluorescent dyes

Other applications of fluorescent dyes

Future trends

Sources of further information

References

 

 

18) Near-infrared dyes

S-H.KM,Kyungpook national university, south korea

And Y-A.son ,chungnam national university,south korea

Introduction

Properties of near-infrared (NIR) dyes

Types of NAIR dyes

Applications

Future trends

References

 

 

19) Azoic dyeing

D.P. chattopadhyay,the maharaja sayajirao

University of baroda ,India

 

Introduction

Advantages and disadvantages of azoic dyeing

Chemistry of azoic dyeing

Colors obtainable using azoic components

Methods for dissolution of naphthol

Naphtholation and dyeing of cotton

Intermediate treatments

Development

After-treatment

Dyeing of silk

Dyeing of polyester

Dyeing of nylon

Fastness properties

Stripping of azoic colors

Environmental issues associated with azoic colors

Conclusion

References