Chapter1: Strength of Materials………………………………………………………………………4 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Introductory Concepts 1.2.1 Stress 1.2.2 Strain 1.2.3 Hooke's Law 1.2.4 Poisson's Ratio 1.2.5 Temperature Effects 1.2.6 Energy Stored due to Deformation 1.2.7 Elastic and Plastic Deformation 1.2.8 Shear Strain and Modulus 1.3 Loading of Beams 1.3.1 Examples 1.3.2 Exercises 1.3.3 Calculus for Solving Beam Problems 1.3.3.1 Examples 1.3.4 Calculus for Point Loads 1.3.4.1 Exercises 1.3.5 Stresses and Strains in Beams 1.3.5.1 Beams with Arbitrary Moments 1.3.5.2 Shear in Beams 1.4 Torsion 1.5 General State of Stress 1.5.1 Principal Stresses 1.5.2 Stress Invariants 1.5.3 Hydrostatic Stress 1.5.4 Deviatoric Stresses 1.5.5 Mohr's Circle 1.5.5.1 Mohr's Circle for Common Cases 1.5.6 Failure Criteria 1.5.6.1 Maximum Shear Stress Criterion 1.5.6.2 Maximum Distortion Energy Criterion 1.5.6.3 Failure of Materials 1.6 Weakest link determination by use of three parameter Weibull statistics 1.6.1 Introduction 1.6.2 Quantification method 1.6.3 Conditions for representation 1.6.4 Computer generated example 1.6.5 Background 1.6.5.1 Symbols 1.6.5.2 Weibull distribution with parameters subject of random variation 1.6.5.3 Properties of the second or scale parameter β 1.6.5.4 Reduction of second parameter β to zero 1.6.5.5 Conclusion Chapter2: Strain Energy………………………………………………………………………………40 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Strain Energy in Uniaxial Loading 2.2.1 Modulus of resilience 2.2.2 Modulus of Toughness 2.3 Strain Energy density 2.4 Yield Strength 2.5 Strain Energy in Bending 2.6 Strain Energy Chapter3: Bending Stress……………………………………………………………………………50 3.1 Bending Theory 3.2 Moments of inertia 3 .2.1 Moments Of Inertia 3.2.2 Circular Section 3.2.3 Section Modulus Z and Moment of Resistance. 3.2.4 The Parallel Axis Theorem 3.2.5 Calculations Of Moments Of Inertia 3.2.6 The Graphical Determination Of Moment Of Inertia. 3.3 Work Examples Chapter4: Truss………………………………………………………………………………………….62 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Characteristics of trusses 4.2.1 Planar truss 4.2.2 Space frame truss 4.3 Truss types 4.3.1 Pratt truss 4.3.2 Bow string roof truss 4.3.3 King post truss 4.3.4 Lenticular Truss 4.3.5 Town's lattice truss 4.3.6 Vierendeel truss 4.4 Statics of trusses 4.5 Analysis of trusses 4.5.1 Forces in members 4.5.2 Design of members 4.5.3 Design of joints 4.6 Applications 4.6.1 Post Frame Structures Chapter5: Torsion……………………………………………………………………………………………69 5.1 Circular Shafts 5.2 Shafts Of Varying Diameter 5.3 Composite Shafts 5.4 Combined Bending And Twisting. 5.5 Strain Energy In Torsion. 5.6 Moments Of Inertia Chapter 6: Cylinders and Spheres……………………………………………………………………………75 6.1 Thick Walled cylinders and Spheres 6.1.1 Thick Walled Cylinders 6.1.2 Internal Pressures Only 6.1.3 The Error In The "thin Cylinder" Formula 6.1.4 The Plastic Yielding Of Thick Tubes. 6.1.5 Compound Tubes. 6.1.6 A Hub shrunk onto a Solid Shaft 6.1.7 Thick Spherical Shells 6.2 Thin Walled Cylinders and Spheres 6.2.1 Thin Walled Cylinders Under Pressure. 6.2.2 Thin Spherical Shells Under Internal Pressure. 6.2.3 Cylindrical Shells With Hemispherical Ends. 6.2.4 Volumetric Strain On The Capacity Of A Cylinder. 6.2.5 Wire Winding Of Thin Walled Cylinders. 6.2.6 Rotational Stresses In Thin Cylinders. Chapter7: Plastic Theory of Bending………………………………………………………………………110 7.1 Bending Beyond The Yield Stress. 7.2 Plastic Bending Of Beams 7.3 Assumptions In The Plastic Theory. 7.4 The Moment Of Resistance At A Plastic Hinge. 7.5 Moments Of Resistance For Various Cross-sections. 7.6 Collapse Loads. 7.7 Combined Bending And Direct Stress. 7.8 Collapse Loads in Portal Frames. Chapter8: Reinforced concrete………………………………………………………………………………127 8.1 Uses in construction 8.2 Behavior of reinforced concrete 8.2.1 Materials 8.2.2 Key characteristics 8.2.3 Anti-corrosion measures 8.3 Reinforcement and terminology 8.4 Common failure modes of steel reinforced concrete 8.4.1 Mechanical failure 8.4.2 Carbonation 8.4.3 Chlorides 8.4.4 Alkali silica reaction 8.4.5 Conversion of high alumina cement 8.4.6 Sulfates 8.5 Steel plate constructions 8.6 Fiber-reinforced concrete 8.7 Non-steel reinforcement Chapter9: Slope deflection method…………………………………………………………………..133 9.1 Introductions 9.2 Slope deflection equations 9.2.1 Derivation of slope deflection equations 9.3 Equilibrium conditions 9.3.1 Joint equilibrium 9.3.2 Shear equilibrium 9.4 Examples 9.4.1 Degrees of freedom 9.4.2 Fixed end moments 9.4.3 Slope deflection equations 9.4.4 Joint equilibrium equations 9.4.5 Rotation angles 9.4.6 Member end moments CHAPTER10: DESIGN OF RIVETED, WELDED, BONDED AND INTERFERENCE-FIT JOINTS……137 10.1 RIVETED JOINTS 10.2 WELDED JOINTS 10.3 BONDED JOINTS 10.4 INTERFERENCE-FIT JOINTS 10.4.1 The Types and Characteristics of Interference-fit Joints 10.4.2 The Operating Principles and Installing Methods of Interference-fit Joints Chapter 11: Shear stress……………………………………………………………………...145 11.1 General shear stress 11.2 Other forms of shear stress 11.2.1 Beam shear 11.2.2 Semi-monocoque shear 11.2.3 Impact shear 11.2.4 Shear stress in fluids 11.2.5 Diverging fringe shear stress sensor
Chapter1: Strength of Materials………………………………………………………………………4
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Introductory Concepts
1.2.1 Stress
1.2.2 Strain
1.2.3 Hooke's Law
1.2.4 Poisson's Ratio
1.2.5 Temperature Effects
1.2.6 Energy Stored due to Deformation
1.2.7 Elastic and Plastic Deformation
1.2.8 Shear Strain and Modulus
1.3 Loading of Beams
1.3.1 Examples
1.3.2 Exercises
1.3.3 Calculus for Solving Beam Problems
1.3.3.1 Examples
1.3.4 Calculus for Point Loads
1.3.4.1 Exercises
1.3.5 Stresses and Strains in Beams
1.3.5.1 Beams with Arbitrary Moments
1.3.5.2 Shear in Beams
1.4 Torsion
1.5 General State of Stress
1.5.1 Principal Stresses
1.5.2 Stress Invariants
1.5.3 Hydrostatic Stress
1.5.4 Deviatoric Stresses
1.5.5 Mohr's Circle
1.5.5.1 Mohr's Circle for Common Cases
1.5.6 Failure Criteria
1.5.6.1 Maximum Shear Stress Criterion
1.5.6.2 Maximum Distortion Energy Criterion
1.5.6.3 Failure of Materials
1.6 Weakest link determination by use of three parameter Weibull statistics
1.6.1 Introduction
1.6.2 Quantification method
1.6.3 Conditions for representation
1.6.4 Computer generated example
1.6.5 Background
1.6.5.1 Symbols
1.6.5.2 Weibull distribution with parameters subject of random variation
1.6.5.3 Properties of the second or scale parameter β
1.6.5.4 Reduction of second parameter β to zero
1.6.5.5 Conclusion
Chapter2: Strain Energy………………………………………………………………………………40
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Strain Energy in Uniaxial Loading
2.2.1 Modulus of resilience
2.2.2 Modulus of Toughness
2.3 Strain Energy density
2.4 Yield Strength
2.5 Strain Energy in Bending
2.6 Strain Energy
Chapter3: Bending Stress……………………………………………………………………………50
3.1 Bending Theory
3.2 Moments of inertia
3 .2.1 Moments Of Inertia
3.2.2 Circular Section
3.2.3 Section Modulus Z and Moment of Resistance.
3.2.4 The Parallel Axis Theorem
3.2.5 Calculations Of Moments Of Inertia
3.2.6 The Graphical Determination Of Moment Of Inertia.
3.3 Work Examples
Chapter4: Truss………………………………………………………………………………………….62
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Characteristics of trusses
4.2.1 Planar truss
4.2.2 Space frame truss
4.3 Truss types
4.3.1 Pratt truss
4.3.2 Bow string roof truss
4.3.3 King post truss
4.3.4 Lenticular Truss
4.3.5 Town's lattice truss
4.3.6 Vierendeel truss
4.4 Statics of trusses
4.5 Analysis of trusses
4.5.1 Forces in members
4.5.2 Design of members
4.5.3 Design of joints
4.6 Applications
4.6.1 Post Frame Structures
Chapter5: Torsion……………………………………………………………………………………………69
5.1 Circular Shafts
5.2 Shafts Of Varying Diameter
5.3 Composite Shafts
5.4 Combined Bending And Twisting.
5.5 Strain Energy In Torsion.
5.6 Moments Of Inertia
Chapter 6: Cylinders and Spheres……………………………………………………………………………75
6.1 Thick Walled cylinders and Spheres
6.1.1 Thick Walled Cylinders
6.1.2 Internal Pressures Only
6.1.3 The Error In The "thin Cylinder" Formula
6.1.4 The Plastic Yielding Of Thick Tubes.
6.1.5 Compound Tubes.
6.1.6 A Hub shrunk onto a Solid Shaft
6.1.7 Thick Spherical Shells
6.2 Thin Walled Cylinders and Spheres
6.2.1 Thin Walled Cylinders Under Pressure.
6.2.2 Thin Spherical Shells Under Internal Pressure.
6.2.3 Cylindrical Shells With Hemispherical Ends.
6.2.4 Volumetric Strain On The Capacity Of A Cylinder.
6.2.5 Wire Winding Of Thin Walled Cylinders.
6.2.6 Rotational Stresses In Thin Cylinders.
Chapter7: Plastic Theory of Bending………………………………………………………………………110
7.1 Bending Beyond The Yield Stress.
7.2 Plastic Bending Of Beams
7.3 Assumptions In The Plastic Theory.
7.4 The Moment Of Resistance At A Plastic Hinge.
7.5 Moments Of Resistance For Various Cross-sections.
7.6 Collapse Loads.
7.7 Combined Bending And Direct Stress.
7.8 Collapse Loads in Portal Frames.
Chapter8: Reinforced concrete………………………………………………………………………………127
8.1 Uses in construction
8.2 Behavior of reinforced concrete
8.2.1 Materials
8.2.2 Key characteristics
8.2.3 Anti-corrosion measures
8.3 Reinforcement and terminology
8.4 Common failure modes of steel reinforced concrete
8.4.1 Mechanical failure
8.4.2 Carbonation
8.4.3 Chlorides
8.4.4 Alkali silica reaction
8.4.5 Conversion of high alumina cement
8.4.6 Sulfates
8.5 Steel plate constructions
8.6 Fiber-reinforced concrete
8.7 Non-steel reinforcement
Chapter9: Slope deflection method…………………………………………………………………..133
9.1 Introductions
9.2 Slope deflection equations
9.2.1 Derivation of slope deflection equations
9.3 Equilibrium conditions
9.3.1 Joint equilibrium
9.3.2 Shear equilibrium
9.4 Examples
9.4.1 Degrees of freedom
9.4.2 Fixed end moments
9.4.3 Slope deflection equations
9.4.4 Joint equilibrium equations
9.4.5 Rotation angles
9.4.6 Member end moments
CHAPTER10: DESIGN OF RIVETED, WELDED, BONDED AND INTERFERENCE-FIT JOINTS……137
10.1 RIVETED JOINTS
10.2 WELDED JOINTS
10.3 BONDED JOINTS
10.4 INTERFERENCE-FIT JOINTS
10.4.1 The Types and Characteristics of Interference-fit Joints
10.4.2 The Operating Principles and Installing Methods of Interference-fit Joints
Chapter 11: Shear stress……………………………………………………………………...145
11.1 General shear stress
11.2 Other forms of shear stress
11.2.1 Beam shear
11.2.2 Semi-monocoque shear
11.2.3 Impact shear
11.2.4 Shear stress in fluids
11.2.5 Diverging fringe shear stress sensor
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