HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Contents Introduction A word about drawing and images Chapter-1 The beginnings of architecture Prehistoric settlements and megalith constructions Eastern Europe Western Europe Ancient Mesopotamia Sumerians akkadians, and neo-sumerians Babylonians, Hittites and Assyrians Neo-Babylonians and Persians Ancient Egypt Essay: hydraulic civilizations The early dynastic period and old kingdom The first pyramids Fourth-dynasty pyramids at giza The middle kingdom The new kingdom Chapter-2 The greek world The millions The mycenaeans Mycenae Greece: the archaic period Greece: the classical period The Parthenon, Athens Other buildings on the acropolis Essay: celebrating athema’s birthday Greece: the Hellenistic period Greek city planning The Athenian agora Hellenstic cities Chapter-3 The architecture of ancient India And Southeast Asia Religions of India Early Buddhist shrines Essay: bamiyan and the colossal Buddha The spread of Buddhist influence Hindu temples Early buildings Later temples Angkor wat Chapter-4 Traditional architecture of china and japan Chinese architectural principles Principles of city planning Houses and gardens Essay: elder brother rock Japanese temple architecture Buddhist temples Shinto shrines Japanese cities,houses and castles Zen Buddhist architecture katsura Chapter-5 The roman world Etruscan imprints Roman architecture Building techniques and materials City planning Essay: the engineering might of the romans Temples Public buildings Valuated spaces Public baths Threaters and amphitheaters Residences Urban housing Rural villas and urban places Chapter-6 Early Christian and byzantine architecture Early Christian basilicas Martyria, baptisteries and mausolea Essay : eusebius and constanine Byzantine basilicas and domed basilicas Centrally planned byzantine churches Byzantine churches in Russia Masonry churches Wooden churches Chapter-7 Islamic architecture Early shrines and palaces Development of the mosque Regional variations in mosque design Columnar hall designs Iwan designs Courtyard designs Pavilion designs Domed prayer hall designs Houses, palaces and urban patterns Chapter-8 Early medieval and Romanesque Architecture Carolingian architecture The revival of masonry construction Monasteries Anglo-saxon and Viking architecture English churches Norwegian stave churches Early Romanesque architecture Romanesque architecture of the Holy Roman Empire Pilgrimage architecture of the Holy Roman Empire Pilgrimage roads The order of cluny Essay: the mystic mill from vezelay Aquitance and provence Cistercian monasteries Norman architecture Chapter-9 Gothic architure Early gothic The abbey church of st. denis High gothic Charters and Bourges Beauvais and ste. Chapelle English gothic Essay: a wool church Early English Decorated and perpendicular German and Italian gothic German and Italian gothic German hall churches Italian gothic variations Medieval construction Medieval houses and castles Housing Castles Medieval cities Chapter-10 Indigenous architecture in the Pre-Columbian Americas Tribes of the Great Plains and the great lakes Tribes of the northeast Tribes of the Mississippi of the river basin Essay: the birthplace of the Choctaws Arctic and subarctic tribes Tribes of the northwest and northern California Tribes of the southwest Mexico, central America, and south America The olmecs of the eastern Mexican coast Teotihuacan in the valley of mexico The zapotecs and mixtecs at monte alban, Oaxaca The maya Tikal Copan and Palenque Uxmal and chichen itza The toltecs in the valley of mexico The Aztecs at Tenochtitlan The incas in the andes Chapter-11 Renaissance architecture Filippo Brunelleschi Florence cathedral Other Florentine cathedral Michelozzo bartolomeo and the palazzo medici Leon battista alberti Writings The palazzo rucellai, Florence Churches in rimini and mantua Essay: pius’s resolutions The ideal city Other renaissance city plans The spread of the renaissance Urbino Milan Moscow Leonardo da vinci Donato Bramante The tempietto rome St.peter’s rome Porta pia, rome Sforza chapel,rome Andrea palladio Buildings in Vicenza Villa designs in the Veneto Churches in venice The teatro olimpico Palladio’s venice Garden design Boboli gardens Florence The renaissance in france Chateaux in the loire valley Sebastiano serlio and philibert de I’orme The louvre the French place and hotel,paris The renaissance in England Elizabethan country houses Inigo jones Chapter-12 Baroque architecture The reformation and counter-reformation Gesu ,rome Pope sixtus V and the preplanning of rome St. peter’s Gianlorenzo Bernini The completetion of st.peter’s S. andrea al quirinale, rome Francesco Borromini S. carlo alle Quattro fontane, rome S.lvo della sapienza Urban open spaces in baroque Rome The piazza navona Essay: piazza navona –A space for spectacle The piazza Del popolo The spread of baroque architecture to northern Italy Guarino guarini Bemardo vittone Filippo juvarra The baroque in central Europe Die wies, Bavaria The baroque in france The louvre paris Francois mansart The chateaux of vaux-le-vicomte and Versailles Jules-hardouin mansart Christopher wren and the baroque in England The city churches St. paul’s Housing in the manner of wren Nicholas hawksmoor,sir john Vanbrugh and james Gibbs Chapter-13 The eighteenth century The English neo-palladians The return to antiquity Essay: prianesi’s view of rome Robert adam and William chambers Etienne-louis boullee and claude-nicrolas ledoux French architects and the aggrandizement of the state French architectural education and the ecole des Beaux-arts The challenge of the industrial revolution Romanticism and the picturesque The romantic landscape Picturesque buildings Chapter-14 Nineteenth-century Developments Neo-classicism Karl friedrich schinkel Sir john soane Benjamin henry Latrobe and Thomas Jefferson The gothic revival A.W.N. pugin The ecclesiological movement in England and America Eugene –enmmanuel violet-le-duc The ecole des beaux-arts Richard morris hunt and the world’s Columbian Exposition Mckim,mead , and white Progress in iron fabrication Iron bridges Development in steel Essay: the coming of the railroad Architectural applications of iron and steel construction Joseph Paxton Henri labrouste Gustave Eiffel The first skyscrapers Skeletal construction in concrete and wood The arts and crafts movement John Ruskin William morris Richard norman shaw,C.F.A. voysey, and herman Muthesius Art nouveau Victor horta and hector guimard Antonio gaudf Charles rennie mackintosh The Viennese secession The search for an American style Henry hobson Richardson Louis Henri Sullivan Chapter-15 The twentieth century And modernism The idea of a modern architecture The war of words Adolf loos Ornament and crime The raumplan and loos’s buildings Frank Lloyd wright Developing the prairle house Early public buildings The flight from America Peter Behrens and the deutscher werkbund Futurism and constructivism Dutch and german expressionism Art deco De stijl Exploiting the potential of concrete Tony garnier and the industrial city Le Corbusier The dom-ino and citrohan houses The villa stein and the villa savoye The cite universities and le corbusier’s five points Walter Gropius Building designs The Bauhaus in Weimar and Dessau Essay: a Russian painter at the Bauhaus Ludwig mies van der rohe The Barcelona pavilion and the tugendhat house The weissenhof siedlung and the international style The Guggenheim museurn and tailiesin west Later work of le Corbusier Ronchamp and ste-marie-de-la-tourette Chandigarh The decline of modernism Chapter-16 Modernisms in the mid-and late twentieth century Alvar alto Eero Saarinen Louis I, kahn Robert venturi’s radical counter-proposal to modernism Intellectual inspirations for post-modernism Philip Johnson Charles moore Michael graves Robert A.M. stern Richard meier The exploitation of technology by james sterling and Others Deconstruction Peter eisenman Essay: M.C Escher and the paradoxical staircases of Post-modernsim Frank gehry Glenn murcutt
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Contents
Introduction
A word about drawing and images
Chapter-1 The beginnings of architecture
Prehistoric settlements and megalith constructions
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Ancient Mesopotamia
Sumerians akkadians, and neo-sumerians
Babylonians, Hittites and Assyrians
Neo-Babylonians and Persians
Ancient Egypt
Essay: hydraulic civilizations
The early dynastic period and old kingdom
The first pyramids
Fourth-dynasty pyramids at giza
The middle kingdom
The new kingdom
Chapter-2 The greek world
The millions
The mycenaeans
Mycenae
Greece: the archaic period
Greece: the classical period
The Parthenon, Athens
Other buildings on the acropolis
Essay: celebrating athema’s birthday
Greece: the Hellenistic period
Greek city planning
The Athenian agora
Hellenstic cities
Chapter-3
The architecture of ancient India
And Southeast Asia
Religions of India
Early Buddhist shrines
Essay: bamiyan and the colossal Buddha
The spread of Buddhist influence
Hindu temples
Early buildings
Later temples
Angkor wat
Chapter-4 Traditional architecture of china and japan
Chinese architectural principles
Principles of city planning
Houses and gardens
Essay: elder brother rock
Japanese temple architecture
Buddhist temples
Shinto shrines
Japanese cities,houses and castles
Zen Buddhist architecture katsura
Chapter-5 The roman world
Etruscan imprints
Roman architecture
Building techniques and materials
City planning
Essay: the engineering might of the romans
Temples
Public buildings
Valuated spaces
Public baths
Threaters and amphitheaters
Residences
Urban housing
Rural villas and urban places
Chapter-6 Early Christian and byzantine architecture
Early Christian basilicas
Martyria, baptisteries and mausolea
Essay : eusebius and constanine
Byzantine basilicas and domed basilicas
Centrally planned byzantine churches
Byzantine churches in Russia
Masonry churches
Wooden churches
Chapter-7 Islamic architecture
Early shrines and palaces
Development of the mosque
Regional variations in mosque design
Columnar hall designs
Iwan designs
Courtyard designs
Pavilion designs
Domed prayer hall designs
Houses, palaces and urban patterns
Chapter-8 Early medieval and Romanesque
Architecture
Carolingian architecture
The revival of masonry construction
Monasteries
Anglo-saxon and Viking architecture
English churches
Norwegian stave churches
Early Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture of the Holy Roman Empire
Pilgrimage architecture of the Holy Roman Empire
Pilgrimage roads
The order of cluny
Essay: the mystic mill from vezelay
Aquitance and provence
Cistercian monasteries
Norman architecture
Chapter-9 Gothic architure
Early gothic
The abbey church of st. denis
High gothic
Charters and Bourges
Beauvais and ste. Chapelle
English gothic
Essay: a wool church
Early English
Decorated and perpendicular
German and Italian gothic
German hall churches
Italian gothic variations
Medieval construction
Medieval houses and castles
Housing
Castles
Medieval cities
Chapter-10 Indigenous architecture in the
Pre-Columbian Americas
Tribes of the Great Plains and the great lakes
Tribes of the northeast
Tribes of the Mississippi of the river basin
Essay: the birthplace of the Choctaws
Arctic and subarctic tribes
Tribes of the northwest and northern California
Tribes of the southwest
Mexico, central America, and south America
The olmecs of the eastern Mexican coast
Teotihuacan in the valley of mexico
The zapotecs and mixtecs at monte alban, Oaxaca
The maya
Tikal
Copan and Palenque
Uxmal and chichen itza
The toltecs in the valley of mexico
The Aztecs at Tenochtitlan
The incas in the andes
Chapter-11 Renaissance architecture
Filippo Brunelleschi
Florence cathedral
Other Florentine cathedral
Michelozzo bartolomeo and the palazzo medici
Leon battista alberti
Writings
The palazzo rucellai, Florence
Churches in rimini and mantua
Essay: pius’s resolutions
The ideal city
Other renaissance city plans
The spread of the renaissance
Urbino
Milan
Moscow
Leonardo da vinci
Donato Bramante
The tempietto rome
St.peter’s rome
Porta pia, rome
Sforza chapel,rome
Andrea palladio
Buildings in Vicenza
Villa designs in the Veneto
Churches in venice
The teatro olimpico
Palladio’s venice
Garden design
Boboli gardens Florence
The renaissance in france
Chateaux in the loire valley
Sebastiano serlio and philibert de I’orme
The louvre the French place and hotel,paris
The renaissance in England
Elizabethan country houses
Inigo jones
Chapter-12 Baroque architecture
The reformation and counter-reformation
Gesu ,rome
Pope sixtus V and the preplanning of rome
St. peter’s
Gianlorenzo Bernini
The completetion of st.peter’s
S. andrea al quirinale, rome
Francesco Borromini
S. carlo alle Quattro fontane, rome
S.lvo della sapienza
Urban open spaces in baroque Rome
The piazza navona
Essay: piazza navona –A space for spectacle
The piazza Del popolo
The spread of baroque architecture to northern Italy
Guarino guarini
Bemardo vittone
Filippo juvarra
The baroque in central Europe
Die wies, Bavaria
The baroque in france
The louvre paris
Francois mansart
The chateaux of vaux-le-vicomte and Versailles
Jules-hardouin mansart
Christopher wren and the baroque in England
The city churches
St. paul’s
Housing in the manner of wren
Nicholas hawksmoor,sir john Vanbrugh and james
Gibbs
Chapter-13 The eighteenth century
The English neo-palladians
The return to antiquity
Essay: prianesi’s view of rome
Robert adam and William chambers
Etienne-louis boullee and claude-nicrolas ledoux
French architects and the aggrandizement of the state
French architectural education and the ecole des
Beaux-arts
The challenge of the industrial revolution
Romanticism and the picturesque
The romantic landscape
Picturesque buildings
Chapter-14 Nineteenth-century
Developments
Neo-classicism
Karl friedrich schinkel
Sir john soane
Benjamin henry Latrobe and Thomas Jefferson
The gothic revival
A.W.N. pugin
The ecclesiological movement in England and America
Eugene –enmmanuel violet-le-duc
The ecole des beaux-arts
Richard morris hunt and the world’s Columbian
Exposition
Mckim,mead , and white
Progress in iron fabrication
Iron bridges
Development in steel
Essay: the coming of the railroad
Architectural applications of iron and steel construction
Joseph Paxton
Henri labrouste
Gustave Eiffel
The first skyscrapers
Skeletal construction in concrete and wood
The arts and crafts movement
John Ruskin
William morris
Richard norman shaw,C.F.A. voysey, and herman
Muthesius
Art nouveau
Victor horta and hector guimard
Antonio gaudf
Charles rennie mackintosh
The Viennese secession
The search for an American style
Henry hobson Richardson
Louis Henri Sullivan
Chapter-15 The twentieth century
And modernism
The idea of a modern architecture
The war of words
Adolf loos
Ornament and crime
The raumplan and loos’s buildings
Frank Lloyd wright
Developing the prairle house
Early public buildings
The flight from America
Peter Behrens and the deutscher werkbund
Futurism and constructivism
Dutch and german expressionism
Art deco
De stijl
Exploiting the potential of concrete
Tony garnier and the industrial city
Le Corbusier
The dom-ino and citrohan houses
The villa stein and the villa savoye
The cite universities and le corbusier’s five points
Walter Gropius
Building designs
The Bauhaus in Weimar and Dessau
Essay: a Russian painter at the Bauhaus
Ludwig mies van der rohe
The Barcelona pavilion and the tugendhat house
The weissenhof siedlung and the international style
The Guggenheim museurn and tailiesin west
Later work of le Corbusier
Ronchamp and ste-marie-de-la-tourette
Chandigarh
The decline of modernism
Chapter-16 Modernisms in the mid-and late twentieth century
Alvar alto
Eero Saarinen
Louis I, kahn
Robert venturi’s radical counter-proposal to modernism
Intellectual inspirations for post-modernism
Philip Johnson
Charles moore
Michael graves
Robert A.M. stern
Richard meier
The exploitation of technology by james sterling and
Others
Deconstruction
Peter eisenman
Essay: M.C Escher and the paradoxical staircases of
Post-modernsim
Frank gehry
Glenn murcutt
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