POWER PLANT ENGINEERING 1) Introduction: Economic of Power Generation 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Load-Duration Curves 1.3 Location of Power Plants 1.4 Power Plant Economic 1.5 Indian Energy Scenario 1.6 Coal-Fuelled Electricity Generating Unit 2) Analysis of Steam Cycle 2.1 Steam Power Plant 2.2 Rankin Cycle 2.3 Carnot Cycle 2.4 Mean Temperature of Heat Addition 2.5 Effects of Variation of Steam Condition on Thermal Efficiency of Steam Power Plant 2.6 Reheating of Steam 2.7 Regeneration 2.8 Regenerative Feed water heating 2.9 Feed water Heaters 2.10 Canonization of Rankin Cycle 2.11 Optimum Degree of Regeneration 2.12 Supercritical Pressure Cycle 2.13 Steam Power Plant Appraisal 2.14 Desecrator 2.15 Typical Layout of Steam Power Plant 2.16 Efficiencies in a Steam Power Plant 2.17 Cogeneration of Power and Process Heat 3) Combined Cycle Power Generation 3.1 Flaws of Steam as Working Fluid in Power Cycle 3.2Characteristics of Ideal Working Fluid for Vapor Power Cycle 3.3 Binary Vapor Cycle 3.4 Coupled Cycle 3.5 Combined Cycle Plants 3.6 Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Power Plant 3.7 MHD-Steam Power Plant 3.8 Thermionic-Steam Power Plant 4) Fuel and Combination 4.1 Coal 4.2 Coal Analysis 4.3 Fuel Oil 4.4 Natural and Petroleum Gas 4.5 Emulsion Firing 4.6 Coal-Oil and Coal-Water Mixtures 4.7 Industrial Wastes and Byproducts 4.8 Synthetic Fuels 4.9 Biomass 4.10 Thermodynamic View 4.11 Combustion Reactions 4.12 Mass Balance of a Steam Generator 4.13 Energy Balance of a Steam Generator 4.14 Draught (or draught) System 4.15 Fans 4.16 Heat of Combustion 4.17 Heating Values: Enthalpy of Combustion 4.18 Theoretical Flame Temperature 4.19 Free energy of Formation 4.20 Equilibrium Constant Kp 4.21 Effects of Dissociation 5) Combustion Mechanism, Combustion Equipment and Firing Methods 5.1 Kinetics of Combustion Reaction 5.2 Mechanics of Solids Fuel Combustion 5.3 Kinetic and Diffusion Control 5.4 Combustion Equipment 5.5 Fuel Bed Combustion 5.6 Mechanical Stokers 5.7 Pulverized coal Firing System 5.8 Cyclone Furnace 5.9 Fluidized Bed Combustion 5.10 Coal Gasifies 5.11 Combustion of Fuel Oil 5.12 Combustion of Gas 5.13 Combined Gas Fuel Oil Burners 6) Steam Generators 6.1 Basic Types of Steam Generators 6.2 Fire-Tube Boilers 6.3 Water-Tube Boilers 6.4 Economizers 6.5 Repeaters 6.6 Super heaters 6.7 Steam Generators Control 6.8 Air Preheated 6.9 Fluidized Bed Boilers 6.10 Electrostatic Precipitator 6.11 Fabric Filters and Bag houses 6.12 Ash Handling System 6.13 Feed water Treatment 6.14 Desecration 6.15 Evaporation 6.16 Internal Treatment 6.17 Boiler Blow down 6.18 Steam Purity 7) Steam Turbines 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Flows through Nozzle 7.3 Turbine Balding 7.4 Electrical Energy Generation 8) Condenser, Feeder Water and Circulating Water System 8.1 Need of a Condenser 8.2 Direct Contact Condenser 8.3 Surface Condenser 8.4 Feed water Heater 8.5 Circulating Water System 8.6 Cooling Towers 8.7 Cooling Tower Calculations 9) Nuclear Power Plants 9.1 Structure of the Atoms 9.2 Chemical and Nuclear Reaction 9.3 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy 9.4 Radioactivity Decay and Half Life 9.5 Nuclear Fission 9.6 Chain Reaction 9.7 Neutron Energies 9.8 Nuclear Cross- Sections 9.9 Neutron flux and Reaction Rates 9.10 Moderating Power and Moderating Ratio 9.11 Variation of Neutron Cross- section with Neutron Energy 9.12 Neutron Life Cycle 9.13 Reflectors 9.14 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Nuclear Reactor 9.15 Types of Reactors 9.16 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 9.17 Boiled Water Reactor (BWR) 9.18 Gas-Cooled Reactors 9.19 Liquid 9.20 Heavy Water Reactors 90.21 India’s Nuclear Power Programmed 9.22 Fusion Power Reactors 10) Hydro Electric Power Plant 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of Water Power 10.3 Optimization of Hydro-Thermal Mix 10.4 Selection of Site for a Hydroelectric Plant 10.5 Hydrological Cycle 10.6 Hydrograph 10.7 Storage and Pond age 10.8 Essential Elements of a Hydroelectric Power Plant 10.9 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant 10.10 Hydraulic Turbines 10.11Turbine Size 10.12 Peloton Wheels 10.13 Degree of Reactions 10.14 Francis Turbines 10.15 Propeller and Kaplan Turbines 10.16 Derail Turbine 10.17 Bulb Turbine 10.18 Specific Speed 10.19 Comparison of Turbines 10.20 Cavitations 10.21 Governing of Hydraulic Turbine 10.22 Governing of Reaction Turbines 10.23Surge Tanks 10.24 Performance of Tanks 10.25 Selection of Turbines 11) Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants 11.1 Application of Diesel Engine in Power Plant 11.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engine Power Plant 11.3 Types of Diesel Plants 11.4 General Layout 11.5 Combustion in a CI Engines 11.6 Performance Characteristics 11.7 Supercharging 11.8 Layout of a Diesel Engines Power Plant 11.9 Gas Turbine Power Plant 11.10 Components of Gas Turbine Plant 11.11 Gas Turbine Fuel 11.12 Gas Turbine Materials 11.13 Free Piston Engine Plant 12) Energy Storage 12.1 Pumped Hydro 12.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 12.3 Flywheel Energy Storage 12.4 Electrochemical Energy Storage 12.5 Magnetic Energy Storage 12.6 Thermal Energy Storage 12.7 Chemical Energy Storage 12.8 Hydrogen Energy
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
1) Introduction: Economic of Power Generation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Load-Duration Curves
1.3 Location of Power Plants
1.4 Power Plant Economic
1.5 Indian Energy Scenario
1.6 Coal-Fuelled Electricity Generating Unit
2) Analysis of Steam Cycle
2.1 Steam Power Plant
2.2 Rankin Cycle
2.3 Carnot Cycle
2.4 Mean Temperature of Heat Addition
2.5 Effects of Variation of Steam Condition on Thermal Efficiency of Steam Power Plant
2.6 Reheating of Steam
2.7 Regeneration
2.8 Regenerative Feed water heating
2.9 Feed water Heaters
2.10 Canonization of Rankin Cycle
2.11 Optimum Degree of Regeneration
2.12 Supercritical Pressure Cycle
2.13 Steam Power Plant Appraisal
2.14 Desecrator
2.15 Typical Layout of Steam Power Plant
2.16 Efficiencies in a Steam Power Plant
2.17 Cogeneration of Power and Process Heat
3) Combined Cycle Power Generation
3.1 Flaws of Steam as Working Fluid in Power Cycle
3.2Characteristics of Ideal Working Fluid for Vapor Power Cycle
3.3 Binary Vapor Cycle
3.4 Coupled Cycle
3.5 Combined Cycle Plants
3.6 Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Power Plant
3.7 MHD-Steam Power Plant
3.8 Thermionic-Steam Power Plant
4) Fuel and Combination
4.1 Coal
4.2 Coal Analysis
4.3 Fuel Oil
4.4 Natural and Petroleum Gas
4.5 Emulsion Firing
4.6 Coal-Oil and Coal-Water Mixtures
4.7 Industrial Wastes and Byproducts
4.8 Synthetic Fuels
4.9 Biomass
4.10 Thermodynamic View
4.11 Combustion Reactions
4.12 Mass Balance of a Steam Generator
4.13 Energy Balance of a Steam Generator
4.14 Draught (or draught) System
4.15 Fans
4.16 Heat of Combustion
4.17 Heating Values: Enthalpy of Combustion
4.18 Theoretical Flame Temperature
4.19 Free energy of Formation
4.20 Equilibrium Constant Kp
4.21 Effects of Dissociation
5) Combustion Mechanism, Combustion Equipment and Firing Methods
5.1 Kinetics of Combustion Reaction
5.2 Mechanics of Solids Fuel Combustion
5.3 Kinetic and Diffusion Control
5.4 Combustion Equipment
5.5 Fuel Bed Combustion
5.6 Mechanical Stokers
5.7 Pulverized coal Firing System
5.8 Cyclone Furnace
5.9 Fluidized Bed Combustion
5.10 Coal Gasifies
5.11 Combustion of Fuel Oil
5.12 Combustion of Gas
5.13 Combined Gas Fuel Oil Burners
6) Steam Generators
6.1 Basic Types of Steam Generators
6.2 Fire-Tube Boilers
6.3 Water-Tube Boilers
6.4 Economizers
6.5 Repeaters
6.6 Super heaters
6.7 Steam Generators Control
6.8 Air Preheated
6.9 Fluidized Bed Boilers
6.10 Electrostatic Precipitator
6.11 Fabric Filters and Bag houses
6.12 Ash Handling System
6.13 Feed water Treatment
6.14 Desecration
6.15 Evaporation
6.16 Internal Treatment
6.17 Boiler Blow down
6.18 Steam Purity
7) Steam Turbines
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Flows through Nozzle
7.3 Turbine Balding
7.4 Electrical Energy Generation
8) Condenser, Feeder Water and Circulating Water System
8.1 Need of a Condenser
8.2 Direct Contact Condenser
8.3 Surface Condenser
8.4 Feed water Heater
8.5 Circulating Water System
8.6 Cooling Towers
8.7 Cooling Tower Calculations
9) Nuclear Power Plants
9.1 Structure of the Atoms
9.2 Chemical and Nuclear Reaction
9.3 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy
9.4 Radioactivity Decay and Half Life
9.5 Nuclear Fission
9.6 Chain Reaction
9.7 Neutron Energies
9.8 Nuclear Cross- Sections
9.9 Neutron flux and Reaction Rates
9.10 Moderating Power and Moderating Ratio
9.11 Variation of Neutron Cross- section with Neutron Energy
9.12 Neutron Life Cycle
9.13 Reflectors
9.14 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Nuclear Reactor
9.15 Types of Reactors
9.16 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
9.17 Boiled Water Reactor (BWR)
9.18 Gas-Cooled Reactors
9.19 Liquid
9.20 Heavy Water Reactors
90.21 India’s Nuclear Power Programmed
9.22 Fusion Power Reactors
10) Hydro Electric Power Plant
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of Water Power
10.3 Optimization of Hydro-Thermal Mix
10.4 Selection of Site for a Hydroelectric Plant
10.5 Hydrological Cycle
10.6 Hydrograph
10.7 Storage and Pond age
10.8 Essential Elements of a Hydroelectric Power Plant
10.9 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant
10.10 Hydraulic Turbines
10.11Turbine Size
10.12 Peloton Wheels
10.13 Degree of Reactions
10.14 Francis Turbines
10.15 Propeller and Kaplan Turbines
10.16 Derail Turbine
10.17 Bulb Turbine
10.18 Specific Speed
10.19 Comparison of Turbines
10.20 Cavitations
10.21 Governing of Hydraulic Turbine
10.22 Governing of Reaction Turbines
10.23Surge Tanks
10.24 Performance of Tanks
10.25 Selection of Turbines
11) Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants
11.1 Application of Diesel Engine in Power Plant
11.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engine Power Plant
11.3 Types of Diesel Plants
11.4 General Layout
11.5 Combustion in a CI Engines
11.6 Performance Characteristics
11.7 Supercharging
11.8 Layout of a Diesel Engines Power Plant
11.9 Gas Turbine Power Plant
11.10 Components of Gas Turbine Plant
11.11 Gas Turbine Fuel
11.12 Gas Turbine Materials
11.13 Free Piston Engine Plant
12) Energy Storage
12.1 Pumped Hydro
12.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
12.3 Flywheel Energy Storage
12.4 Electrochemical Energy Storage
12.5 Magnetic Energy Storage
12.6 Thermal Energy Storage
12.7 Chemical Energy Storage
12.8 Hydrogen Energy
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