Environment Engineering & Waste Management Contents Preface 1 Environmental Engineering Civil Engineering Public Health Ethics Environmental Engineering as a Profession Organization of This Text Ecology 2 Assessing Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Use of Risk Analysis in Environmental Assessment Socioeconomic Impact Assessment Conclusion Problems 3 RiskAnalysis Risk Assessment of Risk Probability Dose-Response Evaluation Population Responses Exposure and Latency Expression of Risk Risk Perception Ecosystem Risk Assessment Conclusion Problems 4 Water Pollution Sources of Water Pollution Elements of Aquatic Ecology Biodegradation viii ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Aerobic and Anaerobic Decomposition Effect of Pollution on Streams Effect of Pollution on Lakes Effect of Pollution on Groundwater Effect of Pollution on Oceans Heavy Metals and Toxic Substances Conclusion Problems 5 Measurement of Water Quality Sampling Dissolved Oxygen Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Organic Carbon Turbidity Color, Taste, and Odor Alkalinity Solids Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pathogens Heavy Metals Other Organic Compounds Conclusion Problems PH 6 Water Supply The Hydrologic Cycle and Water Availability Groundwater Supplies Surface Water Supplies Water Transmission Conclusion Problems 7 Water k t m e n t Coagulation and Flocculation Settling Filtration Disinfection Conclusion Problems Collection of Wastewater Estimating Wastewater Quantities System Layout Sewer Hydraulics Conclusion Problems Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Characteristics On-site Wastewater Treatment Central Wastewater Treatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Conclusion Problems Sludge Treatment and Disposal Sources of Sludge Characteristics of Sludges Sludge Treatment Ultimate Disposal Conclusion Problems Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Sediment Erosion and the Pollutant Transport Process Prevention and Mitigation of Nonpoint Source Pollution Conclusion Problems Solid Waste Quantities and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Disposal Options Litter Conclusion Problems Solid Waste Disposal Disposal of Unprocessed Refuse in Sanitary Landfills Volume Reduction Before Disposal Conclusion Problems Contents ix x ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEEFUNG Reuse, RecycJing, and Resource Recovery Recycling Recovery Conclusion Problems Hazardous Waste Magnitude of the Problem Waste Processing and Handling Transportation of Hazardous Wastes Recovery Alternatives Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Conclusion Problems Radioactive Waste Radiation Health Effects Sources of Radioactive Waste Movement of Radionuclides Through the Environment Radioactive Waste Management Transportation of Radioactive Waste Conclusion Problems Solid and Hazardous Waste Law Nonhazardous Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Conclusion Problems Meteorology and Air Pollution Basic Meteorology Horizontal Dispersion of Pollutants Vertical Dispersion of Pollutants Atmospheric Dispersion Cleansing the Atmosphere Conclusion Problems Measurement of Air Quality Measurement of Particulate Matter Measurement of Gases Reference Methods Contents xi Grab Samples Stack Samples Smoke and Opacity Conclusion Problems 20 Air Pollution Control Source Correction Collection of Pollutants Treatment Control of Gaseous Pollutants Control of Moving Sources Control of Global Climate Change Conclusion Problems Cooling 21 Air Pollution Law Air Quality and Common Law Statutory Law Moving Sources Tropospheric Ozone Acid Rain Problems of Implementation Conclusion Problems 22 Noise Pollution The Concept of Sound Sound Pressure Level, Frequency, and Propagation Sound Level Measuring Transient Noise The Acoustic Environment Health Effects of Noise The Dollar Cost of Noise Noise Control Conclusion Problems Appendices A Conversion Factors B Elements of the Periodic Table 451 xii ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING C Physical Constants D List of Symbols E Bibliography Index
Contents
Preface
1 Environmental Engineering
Civil Engineering
Public Health
Ethics
Environmental Engineering as a Profession
Organization of This Text
Ecology
2 Assessing Environmental Impact
Environmental Impact
Use of Risk Analysis in Environmental Assessment
Socioeconomic Impact Assessment
Conclusion
Problems
3 RiskAnalysis
Risk
Assessment of Risk
Probability
Dose-Response Evaluation
Population Responses
Exposure and Latency
Expression of Risk
Risk Perception
Ecosystem Risk Assessment
4 Water Pollution
Sources of Water Pollution
Elements of Aquatic Ecology
Biodegradation
viii ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Aerobic and Anaerobic Decomposition
Effect of Pollution on Streams
Effect of Pollution on Lakes
Effect of Pollution on Groundwater
Effect of Pollution on Oceans
Heavy Metals and Toxic Substances
5 Measurement of Water Quality
Sampling
Dissolved Oxygen
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Total Organic Carbon
Turbidity
Color, Taste, and Odor
Alkalinity
Solids
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Pathogens
Heavy Metals
Other Organic Compounds
PH
6 Water Supply
The Hydrologic Cycle and Water Availability
Groundwater Supplies
Surface Water Supplies
Water Transmission
7 Water k t m e n t
Coagulation and Flocculation
Settling
Filtration
Disinfection
Collection of Wastewater
Estimating Wastewater Quantities
System Layout
Sewer Hydraulics
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Characteristics
On-site Wastewater Treatment
Central Wastewater Treatment
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Tertiary Treatment
Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Sources of Sludge
Characteristics of Sludges
Sludge Treatment
Ultimate Disposal
Nonpoint Source Water Pollution
Sediment Erosion and the Pollutant Transport Process
Prevention and Mitigation of Nonpoint Source Pollution
Solid Waste
Quantities and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste
Collection
Disposal Options
Litter
Solid Waste Disposal
Disposal of Unprocessed Refuse in Sanitary Landfills
Volume Reduction Before Disposal
Contents ix
x ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEEFUNG
Reuse, RecycJing, and Resource Recovery
Recycling
Recovery
Hazardous Waste
Magnitude of the Problem
Waste Processing and Handling
Transportation of Hazardous Wastes
Recovery Alternatives
Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
Radioactive Waste
Radiation
Health Effects
Sources of Radioactive Waste
Movement of Radionuclides Through the Environment
Radioactive Waste Management
Transportation of Radioactive Waste
Solid and Hazardous Waste Law
Nonhazardous Solid Waste
Meteorology and Air Pollution
Basic Meteorology
Horizontal Dispersion of Pollutants
Vertical Dispersion of Pollutants
Atmospheric Dispersion
Cleansing the Atmosphere
Measurement of Air Quality
Measurement of Particulate Matter
Measurement of Gases
Reference Methods
Contents xi
Grab Samples
Stack Samples
Smoke and Opacity
20 Air Pollution Control
Source Correction
Collection of Pollutants
Treatment
Control of Gaseous Pollutants
Control of Moving Sources
Control of Global Climate Change
Cooling
21 Air Pollution Law
Air Quality and Common Law
Statutory Law
Moving Sources
Tropospheric Ozone
Acid Rain
Problems of Implementation
22 Noise Pollution
The Concept of Sound
Sound Pressure Level, Frequency, and Propagation
Sound Level
Measuring Transient Noise
The Acoustic Environment
Health Effects of Noise
The Dollar Cost of Noise
Noise Control
Appendices
A Conversion Factors
B Elements of the Periodic Table 451
xii ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING
C Physical Constants
D List of Symbols
E Bibliography
Index
Leave us your details we will revert you as soon as possible.
Copyright © 2014 - All Rights Reserved - nimtweb.org Google
Powered by Nasbar Infotech