ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Contents 1 Introduction Concept of electrical energy Importance of electrical energy Sources of electrical energy Applications of electrical energy Advantages of electrical energy Effects of electric current Exercises 2 Technical terms and definitions with units Introduction Atomic structure Energy of an electron Nature of electricity Electric charge Definition of electric current with unit Difference between the electron current flow and the conventional Current flow Definition of electromotive force Effect of electric current and their applications General symbols used in electrical circuit Exercises 3 Study of electrical engineering materials Introduction Classification of electrical engineering materials Classification of materials based on atomic structure Classification of materials Classification of conducing materials Low resistivity materials Low resistive copper alloys Low resistive conductor materials Liquid conductor High resistivity materials Fullerence High resistivity alloys Exercises Insulating materials Insulating resins Liquid insulating materials Gaseous insulating materials Miscellaneous insulating materials Exercises Semiconductor materials Exercises Magnetic materials Exercises Refractory materials Exercises 4 Resistance temperature effects Resistance Factors upon which resistance depends resistance law Specific resistance and its unit Effect of temperature on resistance Temperature coefficient of resistance Value of at different temperatures Summary of temperature coefficient relations Exercises 5 Electrical circuits and basic laws Electrical circuit Path of electric current Types of electric circuits Ohm’s law Combinations of resistances Kirchhoff’s laws Exercises 6 Work, power and energy Mechanical units Relationship between mechanical units electrical units Efficiency Heating effect of the electric current Joule’s law of electric heating Exercises 7 Secondary cells and batteries Electrolysis Faraday’s laws of electrolysis Cell and batteries Lead acid battery Nickel iron battery Charging of battery Discharging of battery Grouping of cells Efficiency of a battery Ampere-hour efficiency Precautions /maintenance of storage batteries Exercises 8 Electrostatics Static electricity Electric charge, positive charge and negative charge Electric field Electric intensity or field strength Electric flux Electric flux density Electric potential Electrical potential difference Potential gradient Force between parallel conductors Dielectric strength or breakdown voltage Uses of dielectrics Capacitor Factors affecting capacitance Types of capacitors Variable capacitors Series and parallel combination of capacitors Charging of a capacitor Discharging of a capacitor Exercises Index
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Contents
1 Introduction
Concept of electrical energy
Importance of electrical energy
Sources of electrical energy
Applications of electrical energy
Advantages of electrical energy
Effects of electric current
Exercises
2 Technical terms and definitions with units
Introduction
Atomic structure
Energy of an electron
Nature of electricity
Electric charge
Definition of electric current with unit
Difference between the electron current flow and the conventional
Current flow
Definition of electromotive force
Effect of electric current and their applications
General symbols used in electrical circuit
3 Study of electrical engineering materials
Classification of electrical engineering materials
Classification of materials based on atomic structure
Classification of materials
Classification of conducing materials
Low resistivity materials
Low resistive copper alloys
Low resistive conductor materials
Liquid conductor
High resistivity materials
Fullerence
High resistivity alloys
Insulating materials
Insulating resins
Liquid insulating materials
Gaseous insulating materials
Miscellaneous insulating materials
Semiconductor materials
Magnetic materials
Refractory materials
4 Resistance temperature effects
Resistance
Factors upon which resistance depends resistance law
Specific resistance and its unit
Effect of temperature on resistance
Temperature coefficient of resistance
Value of at different temperatures
Summary of temperature coefficient relations
5 Electrical circuits and basic laws
Electrical circuit
Path of electric current
Types of electric circuits
Ohm’s law
Combinations of resistances
Kirchhoff’s laws
6 Work, power and energy
Mechanical units
Relationship between mechanical units electrical units
Efficiency
Heating effect of the electric current
Joule’s law of electric heating
7 Secondary cells and batteries
Electrolysis
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis
Cell and batteries
Lead acid battery
Nickel iron battery
Charging of battery
Discharging of battery
Grouping of cells
Efficiency of a battery
Ampere-hour efficiency
Precautions /maintenance of storage batteries
8 Electrostatics
Static electricity
Electric charge, positive charge and negative charge
Electric field
Electric intensity or field strength
Electric flux
Electric flux density
Electric potential
Electrical potential difference
Potential gradient
Force between parallel conductors
Dielectric strength or breakdown voltage
Uses of dielectrics
Capacitor
Factors affecting capacitance
Types of capacitors
Variable capacitors
Series and parallel combination of capacitors
Charging of a capacitor
Discharging of a capacitor
Index
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