CONTROL SYSTEM Chapter -1 Introduction Role of control systems in engineering design Classification of control system types Open loop Command /disturbance-compensated open-loop Closed-loop Servomechanisms/process control Self –operated controllers Industrial robots Cascade control Digital computer control, numerical control Sampled-data systems Hierarchical control strategy Multivariable control Logic controls, programmable logic controller Nonlinear, optimal, adaptive control Man-machine control systems Biological control systems Biological control systems Econometric feedback models Classical/modern control theory Basic benefits of feedback control The accuracy-stability tradeoff in feedback systems Control system design procedures Bibliography Problems Chapter-2 Component modeling Generalized block diagram of a feedback system Laplace transform methods, linearization System frequency response, frequency spectrum methods Zero-order dynamic system models First-order dynamic system models Second –order dynamic system models Digital simulation of linear and nonlinear systems Dead-time effects Distributed-parameter models Loading effects for component interconnections Bibliography Problems Chpater-3 Component sizing for the basic system Estimation of critical values of system command and disturbance Inputs Geared systems, optimum gear ratios and motor selection Valve-controlled hydraulic actuators; maximum power transfer Process-control-valve sizing; technical and economic Considerations Bibliography Problems Chapter-4 Logic controls Definition of logic control Overview ogf logic-control forms and applications The basic logic elements Elements of Boolean algebra A simple example of logic control Converting a simple relay system to solid-state electronics using a Binary logic module Programmable logic controllers Bibliography Chapter-5 System performance specifications Relations-between practical economic and detailed technical Performance criteria Basic considerations Time-domain performance specifications Frequency-domain performance specifications Problems Chapter-6 Absolute stability criteria Overview Linear systems with constant coefficients The routh stability criterion The nyquist stability criterion Root-locus interpretation of stability Problems Chapter-7 Open-loop, input-compensated control Disturbance-compensated control Command-compensated control Examples of command and disturbance feed forward Problems Chapter -8 On –off control and nonlinear system analysis Forms and characteristics of on-off control Digital simulation studies Unintentional nonlinearities On –off control of an aircraft roll-stabilization system Residential heating system using on-off control with secondary Feedback Bibliography Problems Chapter-9 Proportional control and basic Feedback system-design procedures General characteristics of proportional control Proportional control of a liquid-level process Effect of gain distribution on steady-state errors Proportional control of a first-order system with dead time Proportional temperature control of a thermal system with dead Time Disturbance feed forward added Gain setting using frequency-response design criteria Unity feedback Non-unity feedback Gain setting using root-locus design criteria Dominant roots and imperfect pole/zero cancellation Some useful nonlinear ‘variations of proportional controls Problems Chapter-10 Integral control Basic characteristics of integral control Hardware and software implementation of integral control modes Analog controllers Digital algorithms Integral control of dead-time-plus-first order-lag processes Integral control of a liquid-level process Double integral control in a synchro/digital converter Integral windup and its correction An adaptive feed forward combustion trim controller using Integral control Problems Chapter-11 Derivative control modes Basic characteristics Effects of first-and second-derivative-of-error control in an Electromechanical position servo Cancellation compensation Effects of first-and second-derivative-of-controlled-variable Control in an electromechanical position servo Vehicle stability augmentation Feedback of intermediate variables; state-variable feedback Implementation of derivative control modes Analog controllers Digital algorithms Pseudo derivative feedback Problems Chapter-12 Combined and approximate control modes Proportional-plus-integral control; phase-lag compensation Use of phase-lag compensation in diesel engine governing Proportional-plus-derivative control; phase-lead compensation Saturation-effects, simulation studies Digital algorithms Proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative control; lag lead Compensation Electro hydraulic speed control with disturbance feed forward Compensation for basic systems with dominant resonances Stabilization of a guidance platform Controller tuning, manual and automation Problems Chapter-13 Case studies and special topics An airborne heliostat, an electromechanical type-3 servo system With triple phase-lead compensation An antiaircraft gun director, a hydro mechanical type-2 servo With mechanical compensation The haystack hill radio telescope pointing system; conditional Stability/saturation problems solved with a dual-mode servo Specialized controllers for systems with large dead times Sampling controllers and smith predictors Ultra precision speed control; phase-lock-loop servos Nonlinear controllers to stabilize variable-inertia robot arms Problems Chapter-14 Digital and computer control Introduction Open-loop digital control Digital fluid actuators Digital valves Stepping motor systems Sampling, A/D and D/A conversion, quantization, and noise Filtering in computer control Difference equations and Z transforms Digital PID control Sampled-data stability criterion Digital simulation of sampled-data systems Conclusion Problems CHAPTER-15 Multivariable control systems Introduction Specifying the amount of interaction in MIMO processes Design of noninteracting controllers Bibliography Problems
CONTROL SYSTEM
Chapter -1
Introduction
Role of control systems in engineering design
Classification of control system types
Open loop
Command /disturbance-compensated open-loop
Closed-loop
Servomechanisms/process control
Self –operated controllers
Industrial robots
Cascade control
Digital computer control, numerical control
Sampled-data systems
Hierarchical control strategy
Multivariable control
Logic controls, programmable logic controller
Nonlinear, optimal, adaptive control
Man-machine control systems
Biological control systems
Econometric feedback models
Classical/modern control theory
Basic benefits of feedback control
The accuracy-stability tradeoff in feedback systems
Control system design procedures
Bibliography
Problems
Chapter-2 Component modeling
Generalized block diagram of a feedback system
Laplace transform methods, linearization
System frequency response, frequency spectrum methods
Zero-order dynamic system models
First-order dynamic system models
Second –order dynamic system models
Digital simulation of linear and nonlinear systems
Dead-time effects
Distributed-parameter models
Loading effects for component interconnections
Chpater-3
Component sizing for the basic system
Estimation of critical values of system command and disturbance
Inputs
Geared systems, optimum gear ratios and motor selection
Valve-controlled hydraulic actuators; maximum power transfer
Process-control-valve sizing; technical and economic
Considerations
Chapter-4
Logic controls
Definition of logic control
Overview ogf logic-control forms and applications
The basic logic elements
Elements of Boolean algebra
A simple example of logic control
Converting a simple relay system to solid-state electronics using a
Binary logic module
Programmable logic controllers
Chapter-5
System performance specifications
Relations-between practical economic and detailed technical
Performance criteria
Basic considerations
Time-domain performance specifications
Frequency-domain performance specifications
Chapter-6
Absolute stability criteria
Overview
Linear systems with constant coefficients
The routh stability criterion
The nyquist stability criterion
Root-locus interpretation of stability
Chapter-7
Open-loop, input-compensated control
Disturbance-compensated control
Command-compensated control
Examples of command and disturbance feed forward
Chapter -8
On –off control and nonlinear system analysis
Forms and characteristics of on-off control
Digital simulation studies
Unintentional nonlinearities
On –off control of an aircraft roll-stabilization system
Residential heating system using on-off control with secondary
Feedback
Chapter-9
Proportional control and basic
Feedback system-design procedures
General characteristics of proportional control
Proportional control of a liquid-level process
Effect of gain distribution on steady-state errors
Proportional control of a first-order system with dead time
Proportional temperature control of a thermal system with dead
Time
Disturbance feed forward added
Gain setting using frequency-response design criteria
Unity feedback
Non-unity feedback
Gain setting using root-locus design criteria
Dominant roots and imperfect pole/zero cancellation
Some useful nonlinear ‘variations of proportional controls
Chapter-10
Integral control
Basic characteristics of integral control
Hardware and software implementation of integral control modes
Analog controllers
Digital algorithms
Integral control of dead-time-plus-first order-lag processes
Integral control of a liquid-level process
Double integral control in a synchro/digital converter
Integral windup and its correction
An adaptive feed forward combustion trim controller using
Chapter-11
Derivative control modes
Basic characteristics
Effects of first-and second-derivative-of-error control in an
Electromechanical position servo
Cancellation compensation
Effects of first-and second-derivative-of-controlled-variable
Control in an electromechanical position servo
Vehicle stability augmentation
Feedback of intermediate variables; state-variable feedback
Implementation of derivative control modes
Pseudo derivative feedback
Chapter-12
Combined and approximate control modes
Proportional-plus-integral control; phase-lag compensation
Use of phase-lag compensation in diesel engine governing
Proportional-plus-derivative control; phase-lead compensation
Saturation-effects, simulation studies
Proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative control; lag lead
Compensation
Electro hydraulic speed control with disturbance feed forward
Compensation for basic systems with dominant resonances
Stabilization of a guidance platform
Controller tuning, manual and automation
Chapter-13
Case studies and special topics
An airborne heliostat, an electromechanical type-3 servo system
With triple phase-lead compensation
An antiaircraft gun director, a hydro mechanical type-2 servo
With mechanical compensation
The haystack hill radio telescope pointing system; conditional
Stability/saturation problems solved with a dual-mode servo
Specialized controllers for systems with large dead times
Sampling controllers and smith predictors
Ultra precision speed control; phase-lock-loop servos
Nonlinear controllers to stabilize variable-inertia robot arms
Chapter-14
Digital and computer control
Open-loop digital control
Digital fluid actuators
Digital valves
Stepping motor systems
Sampling, A/D and D/A conversion, quantization, and noise
Filtering in computer control
Difference equations and Z transforms
Digital PID control
Sampled-data stability criterion
Digital simulation of sampled-data systems
Conclusion
CHAPTER-15
Multivariable control systems
Specifying the amount of interaction in MIMO processes
Design of noninteracting controllers
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