CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition 1 Introduction Materials and methods-A historical perspective Materials and types Civil engineering materials Forces,loads,and stresses Strain Stiffness Ductile and brittle materials Selection of materials Standards Problems 2 Aggregates Rocks Some common rocks and rock minerals Types of aggregates Based on source or method of manufacture Based on size Based on density Properties of aggregates Specific gravity and moisture content Bulk density and voids Modulus of elasticity and strength Gradation and fineness modulus Other properties Examples Testing Problems 3 Concrete and other Cementitious materials Types of cement Hydraulic cement Nonhydraulic cement Various cementitious materials Uses of concrete Portland cement Manufacture Cement chemistry Types of Portland cement Fineness Strength of cement Consistency of cement Hydration Setting Hardening Properties of concrete Properties of fresh concrete Factors affecting consistency and workability Segregation and bleeding Mixing, placing, and curing Pumping and placing Concrete tools Finishing and types of finishes Curing Properties of hardened concrete Compressive strength Tensile strength Flexural strength Stress-strain diagram and modulus of elasticity Examples Shrinkage Creep Carbonation Durability Alkali-aggregate reaction Sulfate attack Freeze-thaw cycle Corrosion Mix proportioning and design Mix design Mix design procedure Examples of mix design Admixtures Chemical admixtures Mineral admixtures or pozzolans Types of concrete Reinforced concrete Prestressed and precast concrete Fiber-reinforced concrete Lightweight concrete High-strength and high-performance concrete Examples Other cementations materials Plaster and stucco Mortar Grout Shotcrete Soil cement Pervious concrete and cement-bonded particleboard Testing Problems 4 Masonry Masonry units Clay bricks and structural clay tiles Manufacture of bricks Grades and types Sizes of bricks Properties of bricks Concrete masonry units Types and grades of concrete masonry units Properties of concrete masonry units Mortar,grout ,and plaster Line and line mortar Mortar for unit masonry Mixing and properties of mortar Grout and its uses Plaster Masonry construction Types of bond Types of joints Control joints and expansion joints Properties of masonry Efflorescence Reinforced masonry Mix proportioning and examples Testing Problems 5 Wood and wood products Structures of wood Chemical composition of wood Types of wood Physical properties of wood Moisture content Density and specific gravity Examples Defects Shrinkage and seasoning Shrinkage Seasoning Treatment and durability Decay and destruction Lumber sizes Use classification and lumber grading Dimension ,decking and timbers Moisture content classification and grade stamp Moisture content classification Grading Mechanical properties and allowable values Effect of slope of grain Strength ratio and In-grade testing Examples Wood products Glulam Plywood Other panel products Manufactured components Creep Wood construction 6 Bituminous materials and mixtures Tars and pitches Asphalts Petroleum asphalts Asphalt cement Cutback asphalts Emulsified and blown asphalt Properties of asphalt Consistency Specific gravity Durability Rate of curing Resistance to action of water Ductility and adhesion Temperature susceptibility Hardening and aging Asphalt grades Viscosity and penetration grading Performance-based grading Cutback asphalt grades Asphalt concrete Aggregates Types of asphalt concrete Asphalt pavement Elements of flexible pavement Stabilization Spray application Testing Problems 7 Iron and steel Iron Cast iron and wrought iron Steel Steel products Properties of steel Structural steel Structural steel Structural grades Reinforcing steel Grades and types Handling Welded wire fabric Grades Sizes Uses Epoxy-coated reinforcing steel Testing Problems 8 Plastics and soils Plastics Types of plastics Properties of plastics General properties Modified plastics Uses of plastics Soils Types and properties of rocks Types of soil Soil classification systems Strength properties of soils Particle size Unit weight Moisture content Degree of saturation Void ratio Porosity Particle shape Specific gravity Uses of soil References and further reading Index
CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Introduction
Materials and methods-A historical perspective
Materials and types
Civil engineering materials
Forces,loads,and stresses
Strain
Stiffness
Ductile and brittle materials
Selection of materials
Standards
Problems
2 Aggregates
Rocks
Some common rocks and rock minerals
Types of aggregates
Based on source or method of manufacture
Based on size
Based on density
Properties of aggregates
Specific gravity and moisture content
Bulk density and voids
Modulus of elasticity and strength
Gradation and fineness modulus
Other properties
Examples
Testing
3 Concrete and other
Cementitious materials
Types of cement
Hydraulic cement
Nonhydraulic cement
Various cementitious materials
Uses of concrete
Portland cement
Manufacture
Cement chemistry
Types of Portland cement
Fineness
Strength of cement
Consistency of cement
Hydration
Setting
Hardening
Properties of concrete
Properties of fresh concrete
Factors affecting consistency and workability
Segregation and bleeding
Mixing, placing, and curing
Pumping and placing
Concrete tools
Finishing and types of finishes
Curing
Properties of hardened concrete
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Flexural strength
Stress-strain diagram and modulus of elasticity
Shrinkage
Creep
Carbonation
Durability
Alkali-aggregate reaction
Sulfate attack
Freeze-thaw cycle
Corrosion
Mix proportioning and design
Mix design
Mix design procedure
Examples of mix design
Admixtures
Chemical admixtures
Mineral admixtures or pozzolans
Types of concrete
Reinforced concrete
Prestressed and precast concrete
Fiber-reinforced concrete
Lightweight concrete
High-strength and high-performance concrete
Other cementations materials
Plaster and stucco
Mortar
Grout
Shotcrete
Soil cement
Pervious concrete and cement-bonded particleboard
4 Masonry
Masonry units
Clay bricks and structural clay tiles
Manufacture of bricks
Grades and types
Sizes of bricks
Properties of bricks
Concrete masonry units
Types and grades of concrete masonry units
Properties of concrete masonry units
Mortar,grout ,and plaster
Line and line mortar
Mortar for unit masonry
Mixing and properties of mortar
Grout and its uses
Plaster
Masonry construction
Types of bond
Types of joints
Control joints and expansion joints
Properties of masonry
Efflorescence
Reinforced masonry
Mix proportioning and examples
5 Wood and wood products
Structures of wood
Chemical composition of wood
Types of wood
Physical properties of wood
Moisture content
Density and specific gravity
Defects
Shrinkage and seasoning
Seasoning
Treatment and durability
Decay and destruction
Lumber sizes
Use classification and lumber grading
Dimension ,decking and timbers
Moisture content classification and grade stamp
Moisture content classification
Grading
Mechanical properties and allowable values
Effect of slope of grain
Strength ratio and In-grade testing
Wood products
Glulam
Plywood
Other panel products
Manufactured components
Wood construction
6 Bituminous materials and mixtures
Tars and pitches
Asphalts
Petroleum asphalts
Asphalt cement
Cutback asphalts
Emulsified and blown asphalt
Properties of asphalt
Consistency
Specific gravity
Rate of curing
Resistance to action of water
Ductility and adhesion
Temperature susceptibility
Hardening and aging
Asphalt grades
Viscosity and penetration grading
Performance-based grading
Cutback asphalt grades
Asphalt concrete
Aggregates
Types of asphalt concrete
Asphalt pavement
Elements of flexible pavement
Stabilization
Spray application
7 Iron and steel
Iron
Cast iron and wrought iron
Steel
Steel products
Properties of steel
Structural steel
Structural grades
Reinforcing steel
Handling
Welded wire fabric
Grades
Sizes
Uses
Epoxy-coated reinforcing steel
8 Plastics and soils
Plastics
Types of plastics
Properties of plastics
General properties
Modified plastics
Uses of plastics
Soils
Types and properties of rocks
Types of soil
Soil classification systems
Strength properties of soils
Particle size
Unit weight
Degree of saturation
Void ratio
Porosity
Particle shape
Uses of soil
References and further reading
Index
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